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Download full textOsipian, Ararat L. – Online Submission, 2005
This paper argues that corruption is used on a systematic basis as a mechanism of direct and indirect administrative control from the state level down to local authorities and administrations of public and private institutions. Informal approval of corrupt activities in exchange for loyalty and compliance with the regime is commonplace in many…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cheating, Deception, Social Problems
