South Australia's PISA performance has been in constant decline since 2003 with the proportion of PISA participants meeting the Australian national proficient standard dropping from 73% (in 2003) to 50% (in 2018). In contrast, Singapore is a consistently strong performer. To better understand student readiness in answering PISA questions, this…

Teachers have several challenges when designing and implementing mathematically-rich tasks, and hence, these tasks are not prevalent in many mathematics classrooms. Instead, teachers often use "typical problems," such as standard textbook tasks and examination questions, to develop students' procedural fluency. This begs the question of…

Many have become aware of the need to assess both teachers' and students' perceptions of the learning environment. This study involved 1,592 tenth grade students and their teachers (n=56) in a study that investigated four aims: (1) to cross validate a slightly modified version of the actual and preferred versions of the Science Laboratory…

A study examined learning strategies used by secondary school students in Singapore who were streamed into special, express, or normal high school curriculum courses according to their ability. The sample was drawn from nine schools, three schools for each stream. Participants were 1,165 eighth and tenth graders. Measures included Biggs' Learning…

Metacognition is considered by most educationists to be an element necessary for many cognitive learning tasks. In general, within problem solving tasks, procedural, factual, and conceptual knowledge, by themselves, are insufficient for successful task completion. To be successful, the problem solver must usually demonstrate higher level cognitive…

The learning approaches of secondary students were studied for 495 eighth-, tenth- and twelfth-grade students in Singapore. The focus was on determining: (1) the dominant approach used by students in learning different academic subjects (English, Chinese, mathematics, and science); (2) the motive-strategy consequence in learning these different…