In this UniCollaboration Plenary Session, Rodrigo Ballester, a cabinet member of the Commissioner of Education and Culture in the European Commission, presented on virtual exchanges. Virtual exchanges can serve many different purposes. They can be intercultural dialogues, languages, digital skills, teacher training, and soft skills, etc. He then…

Poland's complex history strongly influenced the development of educational system. Together with the Catholic church, formal and informal education helped to preserve national identity and prepare society for future independence during the partition period. In the communist era, education was the chief mode of restructuring the society and…

Foreign Language Teacher Training Colleges (TTC) were established in Poland as a need for drastic changes in education, and a need to introduce western languages at all levels of schooling in 1992 arose. By the year 2001 TTC managed to graduate the number of teachers the market demanded, yet the quality of education provided emerged as a need to…

Preparation of special educators in Poland is discussed in the context of the history of Polish education, the development of special education in Poland, and demographic and cultural factors. Currently, there are more than 250 special schools for the mentally retarded, as well as a considerable number of special classes within public schools.…