COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic had led to the confrontation of higher education system with enormous challenges. That necessitated the urgent transition from face-to-face teaching to online-teaching. The change was an innovation in higher education. A comparative study of digital education based on the survey in 2020-2021 in seven different…

This literature review interrogates current international writing about inclusive education (IE) in regional and remote settings, with explicit reference to Australian considerations, including the emergent National Curriculum. The task of this review has been to establish the types of knowledge reported about IE in minority, marginalized and…

Although there are have been some studies on National Human Resource Development and HRD practices in certain countries, literature shows that we have just scratched the surface in terms of the number of countries we know about. This exploratory study reviews research associated with HRD policies and practices in Brazil, China, India, Italy,…

Adult education in China has developed as the nation has developed, taking as its primary focus the work of popularizing basic knowledge of the culture. Adult education is changing in response to increasing need for technical education for workers. (SK)

While its educational policy is still in a period of transition, China in 1983 is more politically moderate, with a longer projected educational program for the masses than at any time since 1949. It is providing more experiential and relevant curricula from preschool through the senior middle school, with increased facilities and financing. While…

Chinese television started in 1958 but variety in programming and production of sets priced within reach of individuals were slowed by the Cultural Revolution. Since the economic and political reform movement began in 1979, Chinese television has been maturing as an important cultural and political force. The People's Republic of China is a Third…

This paper addresses the logic and the structure of economic motivations for adult literacy promotion. It uses as an example the People's Republic of China to demonstrate how economic motivations can best serve the cause of adult literacy and suggests applying these concepts to India. The paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, the…

Communication has played an important role in the dramatic transformation of the rural social system in the People's Republic of China since 1949. Mass media in China in the first two decades of communist rule were underdeveloped when compared with that of the Western world. Interpersonal communication, on the contrary, has been proved to be one…

This study explored issues related to teacher training in China. After a review of the historical and current development of Chinese teacher education, the paper discusses issues related to teacher training for adult education. Results of a survey indicated that teacher training for adult education in China was very inadequate. The system needed a…

What we can expect in the future from the miracle economies of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong, whether they pose a threat to the older industrial states of Western Europe and North American, and whether China is to be the next emerging Asian economy are discussed. The amazing economic recovery of these East Asian countries…

State-sponsored preferential policies for ethnic minorities in the People's Republic of China are among the world's oldest and largest programs, encompassing approximately 110 million people and 55 different minority groups. This paper examines the minority policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1949 to the present, from the…

This document contains three papers on conservation which were presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference. In "The IFLA Conservation Section and the Core Programme for Preservation (PAC)," David W. G. Clements of the United Kingdom outlines the background of the Core Programme on Preservation…

In the People's Republic of China, science and technology policy is directed by the state and is an all encompassing managerial system through which courses of action are determined. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (Academia Sinica), a national comprehensive research center was established in 1949 to train qualified scientists and technicians. The…

This report summarizes the roundtable discussion of 19 China experts at a conference on the development of U.S. policy convened four months after the democracy demonstrations that took place in China in spring, 1989. The group's discussion highlighted five major areas of uncertainty over China's course in the short-term to intermediate future: (1)…

Papers on national library services and activities, which were presented at the 1983 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference, include: (1) "The National Library of China in its Gradual Application of Modern Technology," a discussion by Zhu Nan and Zhu Yan (China) of microform usage and library automation; (2)…