Participation in adult education and training opportunities over the entire life-course is necessary in international and technologically advanced economies. However, there is a dearth of literature on equitable access to lifelong education opportunities, particularly for at risk and underserved adults in the labor force. Furthermore,…

For several decades, lifelong learning has been discussed both in terms of its ability to provide both individual and national economic benefits. However, while the importance of lifelong learning, particularly in lieu of occupational changes, has been emphasized, the creation or adaptation of funding methods for lifelong learning specifically in…

For several decades, lifelong learning has been discussed both in terms of its ability to provide both individual and national economic benefits. However, while the importance of lifelong learning, particularly in lieu of occupational changes, has been emphasized, the creation or adaptation of funding methods for lifelong learning specifically in…

Data and information are shared about: (1) First Nations educational infrastructure--new schools, repairs and renovations of schools, project planning, teachers' residences, and operational and maintenance funds. (2) The monitoring of primary and secondary education on reserves. (3) Challenges of schools located in remote areas and with fewer than…

Over the years, the financial support given for operating Canadian schools has shifted from a community-based burden to a legislated provincial government responsibility. Between 1816 and 1846, the school system moved from a clerical operation to a publicly controlled operation. Provincial government monies were then made available, although not…

The British North America Act of 1867 mandates the education of Canadians as a provincial responsibility, although some funding comes from federal sources and municipalities share expenditures with provincial authorities. This paper summarizes a study that investigated effective methods of financing elementary and secondary education in Ontario.…

In Canada, the Provincial Ministries of Education had mandated that everyone financially support education through property taxes. The rate of support is tied to property ownership, whether or not a family has a child enrolled in the education system, or is being educated through home-schooling, private schooling, or by other allowable means. On…

This paper provides an update of the financial reforms that took effect in the province of Ontario for the 1998-99 year. During the 1998-99 school year, a student-focused funding model for the distribution of money to elementary and secondary education was introduced. The model was based on students' needs rather than the local community's wealth…

Because contemporary society accepts inequalities in income and social privilege, its tolerance for the varied and divergent educational consumption of its citizens is understandable. However, the acceptance of a dual educational system by parents, local authorities, and governments has implications for government involvement and educational…

This paper analyzes educational finance reforms initiated in Ontario. It outlines the changes in governance, funding, and curriculum and states that reforms were implemented without proper support and forethought, resulting in chaos. The report details how the rise of a conservative government in the province led to a desire to reduce taxation and…

An ardent antislavery supporter and teacher, Mary Elizabeth Miles Bibb (c.1820-1877) knew the significance of an education and the purpose it would serve, in the classroom and in the newsroom, in establishing a better life for blacks prior to the Civil War. In 1847, her antislavery involvement allowed her to meet her future husband, Henry Bibb,…

Despite all the rhetoric about the quality aspect of small schools, the discussion inevitably boils down to a consideration of cost. The issue of cost differentials associated with school size requires an examination of the cost implications of alternatives. There are definite economies of scale associated with size; however, there also appears to…

The purpose of this paper was to report on the system of school finance in the province of Alberta. The first part of the paper consists of an outline of the legal framework in the Canadian constitution, a descriptlon of the current school finance plan, and a summary of a 1979 study of the plan. The bulk of the document concerns a survey of 94…

Fiscal equity and taxation equity in educational finance have been key issues in the United States and Canada over the past 2 decades. Part 1 describes the Province of Alberta's search for a solution to fiscal and taxation equity by looking at the education funding system. The growing disparities in educational resources available to school…

Educational finance reform requires greater attention on constraining factors that affect adoption and implementation. A review of Manitoba's school finance program illustrates some of the limitations. The need for and feasibility of change is examined from the perspectives of the central government, the school board, taxpayers, the Department of…