A theory of social face in bargaining is being developed. Results from three studies suggest that strategies that convey to the high-power bargainer that he appears weak and incapable are likely to increase his competition and his resistance to agreement. Ingratiation in the form of strong affirmation of the high-power person's social face may…

The control orientation of educators may predispose them to resist compromising in conflict for fear of appearing ineffective to their colleagues. Students' and community groups' nonnegotiable demands may also induce this fear and resistance to compromising. Subjects who believed their group member evaluated them on resisting intimidation,…

Students must make decisions about their lifestyle, future careers, academic pursuits, and classroom and school issues. Learning to make effective decisions for themselves and for society is an important aspect of competence. They can learn decision making through interacting and solving problems with others. A central ingredient for successful…