Reviews the role of the federal government in the development of national school desegregation policy over the past 35 years. Concludes that desegregation requires active federal support, but desegregation effects are limited by political backlash and conflicting judicial interpretations. Suggests a future federal role. (FMW)

An attempt was made to test the assumption that a wide variety of institutions and agencies have the fiscal and managerial capability to house a programmatic research and development effort for education. To this end, interviews were conducted with the staff director or principal investigator of four Follow Through programs affiliated with member…

The paper offers a historical perspective on international special education, describes activities of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) in the international arena, and suggests future directions. Briefly noted are the history of special education and the rise of such international groups as Rehabilitation International, the International…

The roots of the American doctrine of separation between church and state are examined in this historical analysis. Factors for the exclusion of private schools from public funding include: (1) anti-Catholic sentiment; (2) reactions against rapid Irish immigration; (3) Catholic distrust of private schools; and (4) the view of publicly funded…

The arts and humanities convey the very essence of what it means to be a human being. The arts are a basic and central medium of human communication and understanding. As such, they should occupy a central place in education. In the wake of a "back to basics" movement in the schools, the artistic heritage and opportunities to contribute…

Many teachers resist the use of media in their classrooms, holding an anti-machinery bias much like that of the Luddite movement of 19th century England. Based on experience dating back to the protests by teachers in France against the introduction of books into the classroom in the 16th century, a law of media acceptance in the classroom can be…

Secondary education in Malta has gone through extensive reform and counter-reform in recent years. Maltese schooling culture hitherto had been very selective and traditional in its outlook, while implementation policy utterly disregarded both the cultural constraints and the unpreparedness of teachers for radical reform. The result was a steep…

This address provides a historical perspective on the concept of school effectivenss and argues for an enlightened synthesis of normative and empirical values. The first part, "Early Images of Effective Schooling," reviews the evolution of discourse on school effectiveness since the turn of the century. Although the early discussions…

Library/Information Science (LIS) education is facing cataclysmic change brought about by changes in the information professions. LIS education must provide education for the evolving information professions or it will become obsolete. Two central characteristics describe the status of LIS schools and their likely evolution. First is the depth and…

Background information is presented on the history and operation of educational research and development (R&D) centers supported by the National Institute of Education (NIE). The objective is to provide information for the four study groups that are assisting NIE in identifying missions for center competition. In addition, some lessons that…

The paper describes the Australian higher education system prior to 1987 and the changes brought about by the proposals in the white paper, "Higher Education: A Policy Statement," authored by John Dawkins, the Australian Minister of Employment, Education and Training, and issued in 1988. The emergence of "development" is then…

This paper outlines the history, functions, administration, and current focus of school library services in Hawaii, which is the only state in the United States with a library staffed by a trained librarian in every public school. Its first school library was established in 1882. Elementary school libraries developed concurrently with secondary…

Part of a six volume series of theme papers commissioned for the National Congress on Catholic schools for the 21st century, November 6-10, 1991, this document contains two of the theme papers. In "Catholic Identity and the Future of Catholic Schools" James Heft considers several ways to think about Catholic identity, describes the historical…

Part of a six-volume series, this publication contains summaries of theme papers commissioned for the National Congress on Catholic Schools for the 21st century, Nov. 6-10, 1991. The meeting had three broad goals: (1) to communicate the story of the academic and religious effectiveness of Catholic schools to a national audience; (2) to celebrate…

This paper examines the development of Alaska's Public School Fund, its current status, and its potential as a major revenue source for elementary and secondary education. The fund, which was created following the 1915 federal school lands grant to Alaska, is examined for the 1916-58 territorial period, the 1959-78 early statehood period, and the…