Background: When learning causal relations, completing causal diagrams enhances students' comprehension judgements to some extent. To potentially boost this effect, advances in natural language processing (NLP) enable real-time formative feedback based on the automated assessment of students' diagrams, which can involve the correctness of both the…

Recent developments in technology have accelerated the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on our lives. The ability of generative-AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude to both 'write' (generate new texts) and 'read' (e.g. summarise texts) in a human-like manner means they are set to play an increasingly important role in the literacy…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have been progressing constantly and being more visible in different aspects of our lives. One recent phenomenon is ChatGPT, a chatbot with a conversational artificial intelligence interface that was developed by OpenAI. As one of the most advanced artificial intelligence applications, ChatGPT has drawn…

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model introduced in November 2022, is potentially applicable in many contexts, including higher education. Although academics are already using it to draft papers or develop search queries for systematic reviews, its use as a tool aiding the learning process has not been examined. To address this…

Conversational agents have been widely used in education to support student learning. There have been recent attempts to design and use conversational agents to conduct assessments (i.e., conversation-based assessments: CBA). In this study, we developed CBA with constructed and selected-response tests using Rasa--an artificial intelligence-based…

Educational games are becoming a learning trend for elementary school students today because of their fun nature and attractive appearance which makes students interested in trying them. Pancasila educational games are also designed to make learning more interesting. Testing of educational games and their compatibility with human-computer…

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can be used to author academic texts at a similar level to what humans are capable of, causing concern about its misuse in education. Addressing the role of GenAI in teaching and learning has become an urgent task. This study reports the results of a survey comparing educators' (n = 68) and university…

The purpose of this research is to develop the client-counselor interaction monitoring model of the logo counseling website. The model attempts to help counselors in guiding and helping the students (clients) to achieve healthy self-esteem. Machine learning techniques integrated into the model will ensure that the recommendations can be available…

As modern deep networks become more complex, and get closer to human-like capabilities in certain domains, the question arises as to how the representations and decision rules they learn compare to the ones in humans. In this work, we study representations of sentences in one such artificial system for natural language processing. We first present…

There is a significant body of research in "naturalistic designs" of augmented reality (AR), concerning different fields (medicine, education, arts etc). Although naturalistic approaches have the potential to enable new forms of experiencing and experimenting with AR technologies, it remains unclear how they can impact participants'…

Human operators often experience large fluctuations in cognitive workload over seconds timescales that can lead to sub-optimal performance, ranging from overload to neglect. Adaptive automation could potentially address this issue, but to do so it needs to be aware of real-time changes in operators' spare cognitive capacity, so it can provide help…

Ethical decision-making is challenging for most students. Values clarification exercises (VCEs) can help reduce decisional conflicts and feelings of regret. Scholars have suggested Ethical decision-making is challenging for most students. Values clarification exercises (VCEs) can help reduce decisional conflicts and feelings of regret. Scholars…

Background or Context: Although many scholars have evaluated how Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) "serve" and can better "serve" Latinx students and their communities, scant research has integrated artificial intelligence (AI) technology within this evaluation of diversity and "servingness." With institutions of…

The rapid proliferation of the Internet has sparked a resurgence of attention toward the function of novel artificial intelligence technologies in the higher education. The effective adoption of recent advancements in human-computer interaction is crucial for inclusive education and innovation, resulting in sustainable socioeconomic growth and…

To construct dialogue-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) with sufficient pedagogical expertise, a trendy research method is to mine large-scale data collected by existing dialogue-based ITS or generated between human tutors and students to discover effective tutoring strategies. However, most of the existing research has mainly focused on…