A study was conducted to understand why so few of the secondary school principals in New York State are women. Results suggest two possible causes: either sufficient women candidates do not apply for the positions, or sex discrimination still exists. (KH)

This study updated and extended the classic "fear of success" study conducted by Matina Horner more than 30 years ago. Horner (1970) asked college students to respond to a scenario in which "Anne" or "John" is at the top of her/his medical school class. Based on the negative responses of students to "Anne,"…

Assessed attitudes of 58 counselors and 56 counseling graduate students toward nontraditional careers. Results showed male counselors were more negative toward nontraditional careers than females, and counseling students were more negative than counselors. Participants were much more negative toward men than toward women having nontraditional…

Discusses a study that determined that women in nontraditional areas of business had personal traits emphasizing independence and self-reliance while traditional women were more socially oriented and identified more with groups. (JOW)

Reviewing measures taken by governments, employers, and workers' organizations, the author concludes that while some factors are helping to increase the number of women in nontraditional jobs, other factors such as unemployment and the institutionalization of occupational segregation are working against it. (Author/SK)

Provides a comprehensive look at female work-related injuries and illnesses by occupation, industry, and specific characteristic of the injury. Most injury cases were accounted for by younger women employed in manufacturing industries. Women in traditionally male-dominated jobs suffer the same injuries with the same frequency as their male…

Rating of the femininity/masculinity of 27 occupations was undertaken by four age groups in the Israeli education system: 14-year-olds (n=194); 17-year-olds (n=183); university students (n=89); and teachers (n=148). Results indicated that sex-related stereotypes of occupations continue to be maintained among youth and adults. (JOW)

Results of a study of 31 women majoring in engineering and 43 women majoring in mathematics education showed the following variables distinguished between the two groups: success expectations for traditional and nontraditional occupations, self-efficacy for traditional occupations, and outcome desirability. (SK)

Interviews were conducted before and after 10 trainers attended workshops on using an educational equity guide for nontraditional training. Pretraining resistance to equity gave way to new awareness of issues and learner concerns and willingness to change practice. Training modified male and female participants' discourses in different ways.…

Investigated existence of gender differences in perceptions of availability of intrinsic and extrinsic job outcome factors in male-dominated, female-dominated, and sex-neutral occupations in undergraduate college students (N=216). Determined perceptions differed as a function of subject gender and occupational sex-type; importance of job outcome…

Data from 1968 and 1979 National Longitudinal Survey cohorts were used to examine relationship between aspiration to a male- or female-dominated occupation and sex type of occupation achieved. Comparison to Jacobs' earlier study suggests that Jacobs overestimated the relationship between aspiration and occupation achieved, which appears to have…

An Australian study of 62 women in traditionally male-dominated areas of vocational education found most teachers and male classmates were unsupportive, and the atmosphere was generally oppressive. Sexual discrimination and harassment, isolation, pressure to perform were typical. The women were strong-minded and successful, and most support came…

Explored how students choose careers, their attitudes toward vocational education, and whether they would consider enrolling in nontraditional vocational education program. Findings from 5,937 ninth graders, and an analysis of the continuing disproportionate enrollments by sex in vocational programs, suggest that nontraditional vocational…

Examination of personality profiles of 131 women in female-typed occupations and 40 in male-typed occupations showed that 5 factors differentiated the personalities of the 2 groups: femininity, communality, self-control, status capacity, and dominance. Similarities between the groups were found in self-acceptance and achievement. (SK)

Suggests that women with the right skills and characteristics can look forward to challenging, high-paying jobs in the construction trades. Gives employment and earnings data, describes how to enter and advance in trades, and explains how counselors can support girls' career choice. (JOW)