The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive correlates of RD-grade skill in arithmetic, algorithmic computation, and arithmetic word problems. Third graders (N = 312) were measured on language, nonverbal problem solving, concept formation, processing speed, long-term memory, working memory, phonological decoding, and sight word…

Neonatal assessments should provide valid estimates of behavior and neurological status, reflect recovery from acute effects, predict subsequent outcome, and point to specific intervention strategies for any problems noted. The authors report relations among measures designed to evaluate early behavioral capabilities and dysfunctions in areas…

The reading comprehension abilities of 21 intermediate grade children, previously diagnosed as having Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), were compared to 21 carefully matched age/grade peers who did not have this disorder. The study investigated ADHD and Comparison group differences in different levels of comprehension…

A study was made to determine the reliability of subjective adult judgement in the selection of films for primary educable mentally handicapped (EMH) children. A selection of five films, all prerated according to standardized techniques and designated appropriate for primary level students, were presented for viewing by a primary class of…

The study examined differences between 23 younger (ages 5-11) and 32 older (ages 12-19) children diagnosed with overanxious disorder (OAD). Expression of OAD varied by developmental level, with older children more frequently exhibiting major depression or simple phobia, while younger children had coexisting separation anxiety or attention deficit…

Studies fourth grade students to test a goodness-of-fit model of temperament. Children responded to the Dimensions of Temperament Survey (DOTS). Teachers specified demands/expectations for their students for each of the DOTS attributes and rated students' academic ability and adjustment. Objective measures of academic achievement were also…

Currently, age is the primary indicator of kindergarten readiness. A concise list of readiness skills to guide parents and teachers when deciding if a child is ready for kindergarten is lacking. The literature reveals that older age kindergarten entrance is not a predictor of academic success, nor is age an accurate indicator of readiness. In this…

A study involving eight boys with autism and eight boys with Down syndrome (ages 6-10) with similar adaptive behavior levels used an ecological approach to study the in-depth structure of the behavior stream. Narrative records were collected and analyzed based on duration and frequency of behaviors. Each record was analyzed by marking the behavior…

Four groups of 7- to 10-year-old girls (N=37), who were either (1) hyperactive, (2) reading disabled, (3) hyperactive and reading disabled, or (4) solely attention disordered, were contrasted with male counterparts on measures of intelligence, achievement, personality, and cognitive style. Among findings were significant sex differences across…

In this study of four hyperactive elementary children, the effects of painting and physical activities on attention-to-task were observed. Both techniques brought improvement, the pleasure of the activities seeming to provide an intrinsic reward which the children internalized, bringing increased attention-to-task to other classroom activities.…

Of particular interest in this study exploring a number of questions related to multi-image presentation of information and acquisition of a concept--e.g., classifying plants--was whether redundancy (i.e., additional positive examples) and an opportunity to view nonexamples as well as examples would be helpful to seventh-grade students.…

Twenty-six adolescents with educable mental retardation were identified as good or poor attenders based on teachers' ratings on an attention scale and were administered an auditory vigilance test and Posner's physical and name identity task. Although the vigilance task did not discriminate between groups, the more demanding Posner's task did.…

The effects of a combination of attribution plus specific-task strategy training were compared to specific task training as they related to 24 African-American mothers' perceptions of their children. Mothers in the attribution plus strategy condition perceived their children to show improved behavior, ability to follow directions, and pay…

Before playing a video game, 47 gifted second graders and 47 gifted fifth graders were instructed to adopt an evaluative, process, outcome, or no specific goal focus while playing. Older children showed better performance overall and their best performance when instructed to adopt an evaluative goal. Younger children showed their worst performance…

A study involving six boys (ages 2-9) with autism found the use of naltrexone improved social initiations on videotape samples, social scale of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scales (4 out of 6 improved), stereotypies scale of GARS (5 out of 6 improved), and attention problems (4 out of 6 improved). (Contains references.) (CR)