The problem-solving strategies used by 10 radiologists and 10 radiology residents during the interpretation of difficult mammograms were examined under two experimental conditions. In the "authentic" condition, standard unmarked mammograms were used. On a second set of the same cases for the "augmented" condition, mammographic…

The characteristics of a sample of school-aged children identified as learning disabled (LD) are described. They were characterized by distributions of single variables (e.g., discrepancy between IQ and achievement) and hierarchical classification creating subgroups within the LD sample. Fewer than half the sample exhibited characteristics…

The relationship between performance on a simulated patient and a real patient presenting a similar clinical problem is examined. Ten residents in family and internal medicine interviewed and examined four actual and four simulated patients and correctly identified 67 percent as real or simulated. (Author/MLW)

A method for selecting which procedural skills should be mastered by medicine residents is described. Residents and faculty at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine were asked to select from a list skills essential to completing the three-year general internal medicine residency. (Author/MLW)

The study involving 54 children (10 to 15 years old) was concerned with identification of conceptual functioning as an avenue of differentiating between auditory processing problems and primary ego development difficulties within the context of appropriate instructional/remediation strategies. (Author/SBH)

Fifty subjects were classified as having a primary (endogenous) or secondary (exogenous) reading disability; then their Bender protocols were scored. Results indicated that specific score distortions, but not total developmental scores, differentiated between the two groups and that the primary group was more severely reading retarded. (Author/SJL)

Analyzed the WISC-R verbal-performance, full scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ scatter indices of verified special education students. Results indicated none of these measures discriminated among emotionally disturbed, learning disabled, minimally brain injured, and educable mentally retarded children. (Author)

The effect of the mentally retarded child on the family was examined by a structured interview technique on a sample of 80 Australian families. Results suggested that parents be given the information earlier and that fathers be included in this crucial interview. (DB)

Comparability of the embedded and stand-alone versions of the Keane Postraumatic Stress Disorder Scale (T. Keane and others, 1984) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was supported in a study with 123 Vietnam veterans, 68 of whom were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (SLD)

A study with 804 undergraduates finds that Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 protocols that contain random responding with an onset after item 370 can be distinguished from protocols with an earlier onset of random responding. Results suggest that protocols with late random responding may be interpretable in terms of basic clinical and…

Provides current information regarding the definition and diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder in adults. Should help counselors, advisors, faculty, student affairs administrators, and disability support staff with the determination of appropriate academic accommodations and support services. Proposes recommendations for networking with faculty…

This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine the effect of being diagnosed with a learning disability on elementary school children's self-esteem. Findings indicated that self-esteem increased significantly above prediagnosis of a learning disability while self-esteem levels in a control group of children without learning disabilities…

The life stories of 12 adults diagnosed with dyslexia as children were examined. Findings indicate that by school age, all participants noted self-esteem problems when they experienced struggles or failures in school. Testing and diagnosis improved self-esteem when conducted in a relevant manner that led to adaptation. (Contains references.)…

Standardized patient case problems were administered to approximately 280 final year medical students. Results indicate that performance on a given component of clinical competence shows less consistency when measured on different cases than does performance on different components measured on the same case. (TJH)

Six papers on the use of partial credit item response theory score models in applied measurement settings are presented. These applications include the scoring of medical certification examinations using computer-based patient simulations, narrative writing tests, and educational diagnosis. (TJH)