Data analyzed in this study are drawn from varied sources including documents provided by governments in the context of the World Bank's operational activity. The data on a basic set of indicators were assembled for a core of 11 Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Sri…

Education is a key element in Zambia's national development; distance education is particularly suitable as a means of human resource development. The main purposes of distance education are to provide education for the unserved, predominantly rural indigenous population; provide second-chance education for dropouts; raise the educational level of…

A discussion paper on popular adult non-formal education in rural Bolivia, based on four months of 1982 fieldwork, focuses on the nature of popular education and its meaning in a contemporary Bolivian context, program methods and operational strategies employed, outcomes and impacts on peasant participants (many of them Indians), and problems and…

A survey of basic education in 13 Eastern African countries (Madagascar, Burundi, Comores, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, and Somalia) covers basic education programs and UNICEF's supporting role. Basic education is seen as a concept evolved in the region, involving formal school systems and…

The volume contains two studies from India and Thailand on the education of women, and rural women especially, who are deprived or disadvantaged. The Indian study, "Education of Girls and Women in Deprived Groups," presents a viewpoint on deprivation in society in general, and India specifically. The concomitant of deprivation is defined…

The student loan program run by the Instituto Colombiano de Credito Educativo y Estudios Tecnicos en el Exterior (ICETEX) has three main objectives: to increase the country's supply of highly skilled manpower, to achieve more equality of educational opportunity, and to provide a meaningful source of finance for higher education. An analysis of…

Shortly after Mali gained its independence in 1962, the Ministry of Education in Mali undertook a program of educational reform. Although some educational improvements were made, there are still many unmet needs. In October 1976, a new educational policy was adopted by the government. Educational needs identified include: (1) a close link between…

Since independence from Britain in 1964, the Ministry of Education of Malawi has concentrated on developing a skilled and educated citizenry and on expanding agricultural and technical training. Secondary education was expanded and diversified during the 1960's, a university was established, and a correspondence school was set up to serve the…

This report describes Thailand's National Education Scheme which was designed to stabilize conditions resulting from frequent changes in the government during the years 1974-76. The general objectives of the scheme are: (1) to promote the appreciation of a constitutional democracy using the nation; (2) to enhance an awareness of being Thai through…

Recent educational developments in Nigeria reflect an attempt to replace British colonial influences with a system more suited to the needs of the Nigerian people. In accordance with the objectives of redefining educational values and practices, a new national educational policy was established in 1973 to emphasize lifelong learning, community…

The paper discusses three major obstacles to a change in women's status in developing nations: (1) Misconceptions about development. Women are the largest group who suffer as a result of the concept of development as quantitative, material, technological, and elitist, because that conceptualization does not lead to social change. Development based…

One purpose of this paper is to suggest appropriate policy options for investment in education. While the discussion of issues and options is based on the research literature, field observations, and interviews, this is not a review of the state of the art. It is an attempt to define and focus the debate on investment choices. Section 1 of the…

This report informs readers on the state of regional vocational training reform in Russia and shares experiences on how present problems and challenges have been addressed by a joint international development project. The three chapters of Part I present information from the perspective of the European Training Foundation: "Introduction to…

The EMERGENCE project reviewed literature on eWork characterization, extent, and distribution and dynamics of its development in 15 European Union (EU) countries and 3 newly associated states (NAS). It identified 12 factors that influenced international diffusion of eWork. Employer survey results showed individual forms of eWork were outweighed in…

Current practice in postliteracy (PL) instruction was reviewed. In all cases, PL programs were considered programs of further learning. Some PL programs were concentrating on further developing literacy skills, whereas others were concentrating on skill training, group formation, or further education based on nonformal curricula. Although adult…