Vitkus and Horowitz (1987) found that lonely people demonstrated adequate social behavior when they were assigned to controlling interpersonal roles. Despite this successful performance, they evaluated themselves and their behavior negatively. Study 1 replicated these findings and extended them to naturalistic interactions. In a hypothetical…

A survey was conducted of 125 parents of elementary and middle school children who participated in a parent involvement program in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. These parents were involved in the MAP (Monitoring Achievement in Pittsburgh)-AT-HOME Program, which focuses on helping parents to reinforce student acquisition of mathematics, reading,…

Two behavioral interventions (social reinforcement and token economy) and two cognitive-behavioral interventions (self-monitoring of work completed and academic self-instructional training) were rated by 203 special education teachers for acceptability at both mild and severe levels of academic and behavioral problems. Hypothetical case studies…

This document describes research which examined the principles of reward and punishment applied to certain types of behavior portrayed by characters illustrated in 30 school readers. It was hypothesized that certain portrayed values, which have political connotations, are being transmitted to young people through the indirect method of…

Described is a project conducted to achieve the following three goals: (1) the remediation of reading and arithmetic deficits of preadolescent delinquents; (2) the training of paraprofessional and peer tutors through a system of verbal and written presentation modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and evaluative feedback; and (3) the creation of a…

Studies in the past have shown that reinforcements independent of the subjects actions may induce a feeling of helplessness. Most experiments on learned helplessness have led researchers to believe that uncontrollability (non-contingency of feedback upon response) was the determining feature of learned helplessness, although in most studies…

Described are the objectives, activities, and outcomes of a program to provide individualized educational programing to 55 multiply handicapped children from preschool through primary grades at the Western Pennsylvania School for Blind Children in 1971-72. Noted are staff cohesiveness in defining and implementing instructional programs and the…

An ESEA Title III project in language arts, this program emphasizes instruction tailored to the individual learner's needs. In the fall of 1974, Southside Elementary School, Crestview, Florida, adopted the program which is described and evaluated in this paper. Program components include team teaching in an open space classroom; the use of…

Four experiments focused on ways children could be trained to imitate others in imposing on themselves higher performance standards in game situations. The study also attempted to determine whether this internal achievement motivation behavior would be transferred by the children to situations such as learning in a classroom. The subjects were 122…

Presented in the second volume of a series emanating from a conceptual project on emotional disturbance are six papers on general aspects of interventions as well as biophysical, behavioral, psychodynamic, environmental, and counter theoretical interventions. In an "Overview of Interventions", W. Rhodes discusses a framework for viewing…

This book, prepared in response to a request from the United States Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, reviews the published literature on positive behavior interventions and uses this database to provide four main content areas for research. Positive behavior support (PBS) is defined as an approach for dealing with…

The present study was a cross-sectional examination of the causes of adolescent participation in risky behaviors, using a diverse sample of adolescents from a Midwestern state. This research compared the relative effects of a traditional explanation of deviant behavior, differential association theory, with a modern derivative, nonsocial…

A study of 1197 African-Americans involved in a 1999-2001 young adult follow-up evaluation of a school-based intervention, found 54% reported use of physical discipline by caregivers. Lower family income, younger caregiver age, and teacher reports of child aggression were related to reports of caregiver's high use of negative strategies. (Contains…

This article describes challenges and benefits related to assessment, intervention design, and implementation that are inherent in parent-professional collaboration for positive behavior support. An example is provided of a partnership that resulted in the provision of visual supports to a child (age 4) with autism with severe problem behaviors.…

Twenty students (ages 11-15) with disabilities used a consensus-based group evaluation system to evaluate their group's behavior during a specified time period. Comparing team ratings to teacher ratings and delivering reinforcement (based on group behavior and team accuracy in rating behavior) was found to be an effective strategy for modifying…