Planning-programming-budgeting systems (PPBSs) place new demands on administrators and teachers, and responses to the innovation vary according to prior orientations, styles of work, and the manner in which the program is brought into the routine life of the school or district. (Author/EB)

Results are reported from a study which examined the extent to which teacher personality characteristics, organizational structure, and principal's leadership style are determinants of teacher burnout. Additionally, the influence of four background variables (personal, experiential, environmental, and health factors) were also examined.…

A synthesis of the purposes of North American educational systems and processes of administering educational systems derived from research literature was affirmed through surveys of several thousand administrators. A study involving over 10,000 students and their teachers found effective-school organization to be a powerful predictor of student…

A study used survey data from an achieved sample of 1,818 elementary teachers and 6,490 students in a large Canadian school district to explore teacher and principal leadership influences on student engagement with school. Principal-leadership effects were weak but significant; teacher-leadership effects proved insignificant. (Contains 59…

This paper presents a case study of departmental reorganization. Using journals kept by five faculty members, the study traces the difficulties of establishing an organizational identity for and faculty identification with the new unit. The analysis suggests that reorganizations may not produce anticipated advantages. Many of the new department's…

Purpose: Teacher hiring decisions have far-reaching consequences for a school, its students, and faculty. This article examines how new teachers in four states are hired and explores whether the process leads to good matches between these individuals and their schools. The authors conceive of hiring as a two-way process and examine the extent to…

This paper suggests that higher education will take on increasing importance in the development of economies and societies in the 21st century for three reasons: (1) cognitive resources are supplanting material resources as a development factor; (2) economies, swept along by innovations and technological advances, are becoming increasingly exigent…

While the call to restructure schools represents the latest quest for reform and improvement in American public education, efforts to improve have always been ongoing in many schools and districts. The eight elementary schools described in this book have been engaged in the processes of improvement for many years. A major theme that emerges from…

Findings of a longitudinal study that explored the impact of recent educational reforms in England on the nature of the relationship between headteachers and lay school governors are presented in this paper. Recent legislation, notably the 1986 Education Act (No. 2) and the 1988 Education Reform Act, have increased governors' and consumers' power…

The purposes of the Trust Agreement Project are to develop new forms of school organization and new patterns of relationships among teachers and school administrators, and to expand the range of labor-management discussions in education. Six California school districts participated in this experiment by selecting an area of educational policy in…

This study examines the leadership and management skills needed to improve urban high schools. Information was drawn from a national survey of 178 urban high school principals whose schools had been conducting serious improvement efforts for up to 4 years and in-depth case studies of five large high schools in the following urban areas: (1)…

This paper is a proposal for supervision focusing on a definition of and rationale for leadership roles that provide support, development, and implementation of the curriculum process together with a school organization structure accommodating these roles and purposes. First, general perspectives on the supervisory process are offered, followed by…

A replication of Peter Blau's theory of differentiation was carried out in a sample of 100 school districts. Blau has demonstrated that as organizations increase in size, the levels of hierarchy and the number of horizontal components increase at a decelerating rate with the result that large organizations have proportionately fewer administrators…

The development of new instructional organizations has placed demands on school facilities that cannot be met adequately with the procedures currently used for school design. Organizational methods, for example, that stress small-group and individual work in non-age-graded settings are not accommodated easily by either of the two common forms of…

There are a large number of elementary schools in the U.S. which are in the process of developing or implementing highly organized programs of individualization. This study examines the organization and implementation of some of these highly individualized schools. It examines the correlation between high levels of individualization and the…