Investigates memory storage and molecular nature of associative-memory formation by analyzing Pavlovian conditioning in marine snails and rabbits. Presented is the design of a computer-based memory system (neural networks) using the rules acquired in the investigation. Reports that the artificial network recognized patterns well. (YP)

Uses cluster strings and co-citation maps at various levels of aggregation to trace the development of research on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) from 1982 to 1987. Includes major findings and shifts in research emphasis. Explores the relationship of changes in bibliometric structure to changes in scientific knowledge and…

Examines the patterns of contracts between academic marine scientists and two kinds of federal funding agencies. Discusses the quality of working relationships, quality of academic marine scientific work, and dilemma of conflicting value systems. Finds that the scientists rate science-oriented agencies more favorably than society-oriented ones.…

Medicine has a long research tradition, whereas allied health areas have only recently become involved in research. A questionnaire study was conducted to investigate the attitudes to research of a total of 314 students of medicine, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and nursing courses on the city campuses of two South Australian…

Database Tomography (DT) is a textual database-analysis system consisting of algorithms for extracting multiword phrase frequencies and proximities from a large textual database, to augment interpretative capabilities of the expert human analyst. Describes use of the DT process, supplemented by literature bibliometric analyses, to derive technical…

Reports the feasibility and reliability of calculating impact factors for Web sites, called Web Impact Factors. Analyzes seven small/medium scale national Web sites, four large Web domains, and six institutional Web sites over a series of snapshots taken of the Web during a month. Describes data isolation and calculation methods and discusses…

Over the past decade, apoptosis has emerged as an important field of study central to ongoing research in many diverse fields, from developmental biology to cancer research. Apoptosis proceeds by a highly coordinated series of events that includes enzyme activation, DNA fragmentation, and alterations in plasma membrane permeability. The detection…

Academic research makes a key contribution to the viability and competitiveness of U.S. technology in the new global markets, as well as to the quality of life of citizens. This report provides a broad quantitative picture of the cost, availability, and the condition of existing research facilities. Data on current spending, sources of support,…

This report, the 24th in an annual series on research expenditures of Texas public institutions of higher education, is based on data provided by each institution for fiscal year 1990. Institutions were asked to ensure that the data reported were consistent with their annual financial reports, and that they used a set of established definitions…

This report describes National Institute of Health policies on animal welfare, the 1976 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act, and relevant portions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It is divided into four sections on the following topics: (1) laboratory animal management; (2) laboratory animal quality and health; (3) institutional policies;…

A complete profile of the average (male) soccer player is established through the study of ten topflight soccer teams in the United States and abroad. Statistical averages for team age, strength and muscular power, body size and composition, agility and flexibility, lung capacity, and various other physical and physiological characteristics are…

Although there continues to be controversy about the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on human behavior, it is generally agreed by various scientific fields that individual differences in brain function and behavior must follow the same laws of variability as other human characteristics. Whether or not racial and ethnic group…

This report is based on a survey of the National Science Foundation's Industrial Panel on Science and Technology. The panel comes from essentially all major types of industry involved in research and development (R&D) and covers a wide range of firms and cooperations. The findings of the survey show that almost one-half of those who responded…

This report is excerpted from a much more extensive volume, entitled PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE, VOLUME 1, the final report of the Physics Survey Committee. The Physics Survey Committee was appointed by the President of the National Academy of Sciences in mid-1969 and charged with an examination of the status, opportunities, and problems of physics in…

This report contains discussions about critical problems that appear to be developing in American scientific research sectors. The views were obtained from letters of inquiry sent to more than 900 persons active in the administration or performance of research in its four main sectors: universities, industry, Federal laboratories, and independent…