The Mastery Performance-Goal Orientation Test (MP-GOT) assesses performance- and mastery-orientation along a single bipolar dimension. In Study 1 (n = 198) we explored its psychometric properties and determined whether its results were related to learning. In addition, we employed Latent Profile Analysis to explore goal orientation profiles. In Study 2 (n = 1689) we explored whether goal orientation scores were related to cooperation and whether the goal orientation profiles identified in Study 1 were replicated. In both studies, reliability of the MP-GOT was high, and a 4-profile solution was retained. Mastery-oriented participants tend to obtain higher learning scores (Study 1) and higher cooperation scores (Study 2). MP-GOT has the potential to be a useful instrument for measuring goal orientation and its relation to relevant behavioral outcomes.