Behavioral momentum theory provides a quantitative account of how reinforcers experienced within a discriminative stimulus context govern the persistence of behavior that occurs in that context. The theory suggests that all reinforcers obtained in the presence of a discriminative stimulus increase resistance to change, regardless of whether those…

Surveyed the views of both clinical and counseling psychologists regarding current trends in counseling and psychotherapy. Found psychoanalysis to be declining in popularity, while cognitive-behavioral options represented one of the strongest theoretical emphases today. (Author/GC)

Outlines a model of the development of therapists' theoretical orientation and clinical practice, based on the integration of data from 161 Portuguese therapists with the extant literature. Indicates that therapists from different persuasions appear to emphasize different variables. Indicates clinical experience plays a central role, and…