Teacher vacancies have been a long-standing issue in U.S. public schools, only made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic. Vacancies tend to be concentrated in high-poverty, high-minority schools and hard-to-staff subjects like special education and STEM. States have implemented various policies to decrease turnover, including offering teachers bonuses…

Public pension systems in many U.S. states face large funding short-falls, and policymakers have considered moving toward defined contribution (DC) pension structures in the interest of reducing the likelihood of future shortfalls. Concerns exist, however, that such changes might increase levels of employee turnover. The empirical evidence on the…

The Retirement Equity Act (REA) sets out requirements for joint and survivor annuity coverage for married individuals who participate in federally regulated retirement plans. REA-mandated provisions do not apply to state and local government retirement systems. Because state and local government employees constitute a significant part of the work…

Part 3 of a three-part report on fringe benefits in public schools, this study reports fringe benefits received by classroom teachers for school year 1979-80 in the 803 districts that responded to a survey instrument mailed to a sample of 1,808 public school systems. Data on leave provisions, group insurance programs, professional liability…

Part 3 of a three-part report on fringe benefits in the schools, this study focused on 1977-78 fringe benefits provided for teachers. Data were collected through a survey instrument mailed to a national sample of 1,877 public school systems. Data on leave provisions, group insurance programs, professional liability insurance, retirement plans,…

This document provides information about staffing patterns within U.S. public-school systems for use by education leaders, policymakers, and community members. This information, presented for the 2001-02 school year, answers questions, such as Why is information about staffing ratios important? How many people currently work in public schools? and…

The wealth, property and contentment of the rural population of Denmark are known to all the world. Students in Denmark and elsewhere familiar with the recent history of the country assert that these are due directly, and almost wholly, to the character and universality of Danish rural education. Probably no other country has succeeded so well in…