Purpose: Rising trends in alcohol consumption and early drinking initiation pose serious health risks especially for adolescents. Learner's prior knowledge about alcohol gained from the social surroundings and the media are important sources that can impact the learning outcomes in health education. The purpose of this paper is to map adolescents'…

The purpose of this paper is to show how "realist synthesis" methodology (Pawson, 2002) was adapted to review a large sample of community based projects addressing alcohol and drug use problems. Our study drew on a highly varied sample of 127 projects receiving funding from a national non-government organisation in Australia between 2002…

Interim Report 2 of the Task Force on Responsible Decisions about Alcohol focuses on the issue of responsible decisions in regard to alcohol abuse. In this report, the task force defines responsible decisions as those in which respect for oneself and others are considered, and discusses situational, health, and safety responsibilities. Some…

A study was done to examine the possibility that the concepts of "alcoholic" and "drug addict" are defined by individuals in relation to their self-perceptions. (JN)

Preschool children were shown eight pictorial representations of substance abuse. All children could identify some of the behaviors and relate some health benefits or hazards of the behavior. Parents and television were the primary sources of knowledge. Preschool children may be a suitable target population for substance abuse and other…

This paper describes a study which compared the results of treating out-patient middle-income problem drinkers with: (1) a multi-component positive reinforcement procedure emphasizing moderation; or (2) traditional group encounter therapy emphasizing abstinence. Results suggested that behavioral treatment was more effective than traditional…

Outcomes were predicted by similar factors, regardless of drug problem or type of treatment. Greater substance use at follow-up was predicted by greater severity of use at admission, not number of services during treatment. Social adjustment was negatively predicted by more severe psychiatric problems at admission and positively predicted by more…

The European Alcohol Action Plan stresses that health care systems, traditionally involved in the management of alcohol problems, must play a greater role in the detection and prevention of alcohol-related harm. Primary health care is seen as an important setting for identifying individuals at risk from heavy drinking and helping them to reduce…

Analysis of morbidity, mortality, and demographic data on Navajo people was undertaken to identify leading health problems in the Navajo area and to suggest intervention activities. Comparisons with total U.S. population were made to provide perspective. Data on Navajo mortality showed: a ratio of male to female deaths of 2:1, more than 50 percent…

The purpose of this study was to determine the drug usage of 107 students enrolled in randomly selected behavioral science courses at Broward Community College (Florida) in 1974. The relationship of the variables of sex and income to drug usage was also investigated. A review of the literature relating to student drug usage notes trends in drug…

A study examined the feasibility of using standardized health evaluation, counseling, and rehabilitation to increase employability of welfare recipients and to develop a demonstration model for health service suitable for national implementation in the WIN (Work Incentive Program). Health evaluations of referred welfare clients showed that the…

Three separate reports are included in this document on American Indian alcoholism. Section I of the document (December 1969) outlines the history, nature, extent, and significance of Indian alcoholism (reporting that the incidence of alcoholism among Indians is twice that of the national average, low socioeconomic status, rather than a…

Part of a national survey effort by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted in Wisconsin public schools in 1997 is presented. The core of the survey measures 16 objectives set by CDC as part of its Year 2000 initiative. Additional questions were added specifically for Wisconsin.…

This volume presents major findings and recommendations of the Department of Health and Human Service's (DHHS) Task Force on Black and Minority Health. The recommendations, which are based on data collected from a number of sources, are intended to guide DHHS in developing programs and policies that address the continuing disparity in the burden…