This study analyzes how second, third, and fourth graders in a racially integrated suburban school engaged in multimodal meaning making in the context of a book club discussing Ben Hatke's graphic novel "Zita the Spacegirl." Qualitative analysis of field notes and assessments indicated three overall findings: First, students responded to…

This study examined the effect of changes in racial identity, cross-race friendships, same-race friendships, and classroom racial composition on changes in race-related social cognition from 3rd to 5th grade for 73 African American children. The goal of the study was to determine the extent to which preadolescent racial identity and social context…

The educational careers of 148 students who were first, third, or fifth graders at the de facto segregated McKinley School during its last year of operation are reported. Another group of 156 students attending the first, third, or fifth grades at another school that remained de facto segregated are used as a control group of relatively more…