The large-scale expansion of primary schooling in developing countries has led to the increasing use of non-civil-service contract teachers who are hired locally by the school, are not professionally trained, have fixed-term renewable contracts, and are paid much lower salaries than regular civil-service teachers. This has been a controversial…

After suggesting that excessive teacher absenteeism is a growing problem, this paper summarizes research studies investigating teacher absences and makes recommendations based on the findings. The studies correlated teacher absences with a number of variables, including contractual (salary, benefits, and leaves), procedural (absence policy),…

Examines policies and procedures concerning substitute teachers in public schools in the 19-state area encompassed by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. (MH)