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Direct linkLi, Hua; Shih, Ming-Chieh; Song, Cheng-Jie; Tu, Yu-Kang – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Network meta-analysis combines direct and indirect evidence to compare multiple treatments. As direct evidence for one treatment contrast may be indirect evidence for other treatment contrasts, biases in the direct evidence for one treatment contrast may affect not only the estimate for this particular treatment contrast but also estimates of…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Bias, Evidence
Schmid, Matthias; Friede, Tim; Klein, Nadja; Weinhold, Leonie – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Recent years have seen the development of many novel scoring tools for disease prognosis and prediction. To become accepted for use in clinical applications, these tools have to be validated on external data. In practice, validation is often hampered by logistical issues, resulting in multiple small-sized validation studies. It is therefore…
Descriptors: Probability, Meta Analysis, Time, Test Validity
Maya B. Mathur – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Meta-analyses can be compromised by studies' internal biases (e.g., confounding in nonrandomized studies) as well as publication bias. These biases often operate nonadditively: publication bias that favors significant, positive results selects indirectly for studies with more internal bias. We propose sensitivity analyses that address two…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Attribution Theory, Publications, Bias
Guido Schwarzer; Gerta Rücker; Cristina Semaca – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
The "LFK" index has been promoted as an improved method to detect bias in meta-analysis. Putatively, its performance does not depend on the number of studies in the meta-analysis. We conducted a simulation study, comparing the "LFK" index test to three standard tests for funnel plot asymmetry in settings with smaller or larger…
Descriptors: Bias, Meta Analysis, Simulation, Evaluation Methods
Bartoš, František; Maier, Maximilian; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Doucouliagos, Hristos; Stanley, T. D. – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Publication bias is a ubiquitous threat to the validity of meta-analysis and the accumulation of scientific evidence. In order to estimate and counteract the impact of publication bias, multiple methods have been developed; however, recent simulation studies have shown the methods' performance to depend on the true data generating process, and no…
Descriptors: Robustness (Statistics), Bayesian Statistics, Meta Analysis, Publications
Andrija Babic; Ognjen Barcot; Tomislav Viskovic; Frano Šaric; Aleksandar Kirkovski; Ivana Barun; Zvonimir Križanac; Roshan Arjun Ananda; Yuli Viviana Fuentes Barreiro; Narges Malih; Daiana Anne-Marie Dimcea; Josipa Ordulj; Ishanka Weerasekara; Matteo Spezia; Marija Franka Žuljevic; Jelena Šuto; Luca Tancredi; Andela Pijuk; Susanna Sammali; Veronica Iascone; Thilo Groote; Tina Poklepovic Pericic; Livia Puljak – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is essential to the systematic review methodology. The new version of the Cochrane RoB tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was published in 2019 to address limitations identified since the first version of the tool was published in 2008 and to increase the reliability of assessments. This study analyzed the frequency…
Descriptors: Risk, Bias, Use Studies, Meta Analysis
Knop, Eric S.; Pauly, Markus; Friede, Tim; Welz, Thilo – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Analysts seldom include interaction terms in their meta-regression model, which can introduce bias if an interaction is present. We illustrate this by reanalysing a meta-regression study in acute heart failure. Based on a total of 285 studies, the 1-year mortality rate related to acute heart failure is considered and the connection to the…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Meta Analysis, Death, Heart Disorders
Junqiang Dai; Jason W. Griffin; K. Suzanne Scherf – Developmental Psychology, 2024
Adolescence is a critical developmental period that is marked by drastic changes in face recognition, which are reflected in patterns of bias (i.e., superior recognition for some individuals compared to others). Here, we evaluate how race is perceived during face recognition and whether adolescents exhibit an own-race bias (ORB). We conducted a…
Descriptors: Racial Factors, Adolescents, Meta Analysis, Bias
František Bartoš; Maximilian Maier; Eric-Jan Wagenmakers; Franziska Nippold; Hristos Doucouliagos; John P. A. Ioannidis; Willem M. Otte; Martina Sladekova; Teshome K. Deresssa; Stephan B. Bruns; Daniele Fanelli; T. D. Stanley – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Publication selection bias undermines the systematic accumulation of evidence. To assess the extent of this problem, we survey over 68,000 meta-analyses containing over 700,000 effect size estimates from medicine (67,386/597,699), environmental sciences (199/12,707), psychology (605/23,563), and economics (327/91,421). Our results indicate that…
Descriptors: Publications, Selection, Bias, Meta Analysis
Hamza, Tasnim; Chalkou, Konstantina; Pellegrini, Fabio; Kuhle, Jens; Benkert, Pascal; Lorscheider, Johannes; Zecca, Chiara; Iglesias-Urrutia, Cynthia P.; Manca, Andrea; Furukawa, Toshi A.; Cipriani, Andrea; Salanti, Georgia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
In network meta-analysis (NMA), we synthesize all relevant evidence about health outcomes with competing treatments. The evidence may come from randomized clinical trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) as individual participant data (IPD) or as aggregate data (AD). We present a suite of Bayesian NMA and network meta-regression (NMR) models…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Regression (Statistics), Outcomes of Treatment, Research Methodology
Henmi, Masayuki; Hattori, Satoshi; Friede, Tim – Research Synthesis Methods, 2021
In meta-analyses including only few studies, the estimation of the between-study heterogeneity is challenging. Furthermore, the assessment of publication bias is difficult as standard methods such as visual inspection or formal hypothesis tests in funnel plots do not provide adequate guidance. Previously, Henmi and Copas (Statistics in Medicine…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Computation, Bias, Publications
Oberlader, Verena A.; Quinten, Laura; Banse, Rainer; Volbert, Renate; Schmidt, Alexander F.; Schönbrodt, Felix D. – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2021
Content-based techniques for credibility assessment (Criteria-Based Content Analysis [CBCA], Reality Monitoring [RM]) have been shown to distinguish between experience-based and fabricated statements in previous meta-analyses. New simulations raised the question whether these results are reliable revealing that using meta-analytic methods on…
Descriptors: Credibility, Meta Analysis, Bias, Validity
Petersen, Julie M.; Barrett, Malcolm; Ahrens, Katherine A.; Murray, Eleanor J.; Bryant, Allison S.; Hogue, Carol J.; Mumford, Sunni L.; Gadupudi, Salini; Fox, Matthew P.; Trinquart, Ludovic – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential for drawing conclusions regarding etiologic associations between exposures or interventions and health outcomes. Observational studies comprise a substantive source of the evidence base. One major threat to their validity is residual confounding, which may occur when component studies adjust for…
Descriptors: Bias, Meta Analysis, Etiology, Intervention
Jun Wang; Xue Wang; Qiyang Zhang; Hanhui Bao; Zhe Zhao; Amanda J. Neitzel – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2023
Background: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions can provide critical evidence for educators and policymakers by providing insights into the effectiveness of related interventions. The quality of included studies builds the foundation for a high-quality review, while bias in the included studies increases the risks of unreliable…
Descriptors: Intervention, Educational Research, Meta Analysis, Literature Reviews
Jager, Nicolas W.; Newig, Jens; Challies, Edward; Kochskämper, Elisa; von Wehrden, Henrik – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Meta-analytical methods face particular challenges in research fields such as social and political research, where studies often rest primarily on qualitative and case study research. In such contexts, where research findings are less standardized and amenable to structured synthesis, the case survey method has been proposed as a means of data…
Descriptors: Social Sciences, Meta Analysis, Case Studies, Validity
