A dual-process model of the alcohol-behavior link is presented, synthesizing 2 of the major social-cognitive approaches: expectancy and myopia theories. Substantial evidence has accrued to support both of these models, and recent neurocognitive models of the effects of alcohol on thought and behavior have provided evidence to support both as well.…

This document gives results of research on alcohol use by young Americans from the 1983 National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Youth, a survey of a large, nationally representative sample supplemented by samples of blacks, Hispanics, and economically disadvantaged non-black, non-Hispanic youth and covering the entire range of…

Examined client records to compare 50 subjects admitted to a drinking-driver program and 50 subjects admitted to an outpatient alcohol treatment clinic. Highly significant differences were found between groups on 10 of 12 drinking indices, suggesting that clients referred for alcohol-related traffic offenses represent a population different from…

Independent expectancies were that alcohol enhances social and physical pleasure, enhances sexual performance and experience, increases power and aggression, increases social assertiveness, and reduces tension. More global factors were related to light consumption. Increased expectation of sexual and aggressive behavior was found in heavier…

Using a sample of 98 alcoholics, studied intercorrelations between control-over-drinking ratings made in 10 follow-ups covering the first 18 months after treatment. Control among treated alcoholics was generally inconsistent and only marginally predictable. Recidivism increased up to 9th-month follow-up, then it stablized and seemed to decline…

Interviewed 20 female and 44 male bartenders. Findings indicated that both male and female bartenders are reliable reporters of their own and their customers' drinking behaviors and are aware of causes of problem drinking. Both male and female bartenders were positive about taking courses in alcoholism. (Author/RC)

Assessed the relative influences of sensation-seeking or tension-reduction motives on drinking behavior. Data indicated a strong positive relationship between sensation seeking and alcohol use, whereas the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use was nonsignificant. The importance of sensation-seeking motives to a comprehensive motivational…

Research has consistently shown that among the non-institutionalized elderly, prevalence rates of heavy alcohol use and problem drinking are relatively small in comparison to younger age groups. This study examines how maximum annual alcohol consumption and problem drinking change as a concomitant of the aging process. This study of alcohol-use…

Examined the long-term outcome of broad-spectrum behavioral treatment for alcoholism and the relative effects of training controlled drinking skills. Showed no significant difference between groups on any dependent measure at the 5-6 year follow-up point. Analyzes the stability of drinking patterns and presents predictors of outcome at 5-6 years.…

Compared educational levels and drinking behaviors of 204 alcoholic women from various backgrounds. Results showed most alcoholic women starting drinking in high school or the early years of college. Those who dropped out of college were the heaviest drinkers, and started drinking younger. (JAC)

Reports data on the personality characteristics of alcoholics in two stages of recovery (short and long term). Subjects were administered the California Psychological Inventory and a biographical data sheet. Results of the analysis clearly indicate the existence of differential patterns of psychological adjustment at each stage of recovery.…

These conference proceedings consider the major lines of evidence on the nature and locus of the alcohol-disinhibition link. The first day's papers, commentaries and discussions are centered on physiological and behavioral links; social-psychological research; historical ideas on alcohol, crime, and accidents; and anthropological perspectives on…

Assesses changes in student knowledge of and patterns related to drinking. Using data collected from college students visiting Daytona Beach, Florida, during spring break, found that trends toward increased consumption of alcoholic beverages among college students which occurred prior to 1981 have now stabilized and are beginning to reverse…

Compared the reinforcement expectancies of adult alcoholics with beliefs of men and women in alcohol treatment programs, hospitalized medical patients, and college students through the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ). Results indicated the previously defined AEQ beliefs apply to the alcoholic population and these populations significantly…

Posthospitalization follow-up data were collected from 52 alcoholic subjects and their collateral informants. Findings suggest that alcoholics who have been hospitalized for detoxification generally provide reliable self-reports of their posttreatment drinking behavior, and that gathering data from collateral informants is an effective method for…