Both general (i.e., shared across different cognitive measures) and specific (i.e., unique to particular cognitive measures) influences can be postulated to contribute to the relations between adult age and measures of cognitive functioning. Estimates of general and specific influences on measures of memory, speed, reasoning, and spatial…

The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model is a comprehensive model of the major dimensions of individual differences that underlie performance on cognitive tests. Studies evaluating the generality of the CHC model across test batteries, age, gender, and culture were reviewed and found to be overwhelmingly supportive. However, less research is available…

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of two cognitive factors (i.e. working memory capacity [WMC] and language analytic ability [LAA]) in the extent to which L2 learners benefit from two different types of feedback (i.e. explicit correction and recasts). Forty-eight adult native speakers of English, who had no previous exposure to…

While it is hypothesized that providing instruction based on individuals' preferred learning styles improves learning (i.e., reading for visual learners and listening for auditory learners, also referred to as the "meshing hypothesis"), after a critical review of the literature Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, and Bjork (2008) concluded that…

We examined whether the General Factor of Personality (GFP) is related to the "g" factor of cognitive ability using data from the Vietnam Experience Study which randomly sampled 4462 Vietnam War veterans from a total sample of about five million Vietnam era army veterans. Exclusionary criteria included passing a fitness test, achieving a…

In this article, we report the results of a study on the relationship between individual differences in language learning aptitude and the structural connectivity of language pathways in the adult brain, the first of its kind. We measured four components of language aptitude ("vocabulary learning"; "sound recognition"; "sound-symbol…

The Differential Aptitude Tests-Adaptive were completed by 122 university and community career assessment center clients; 99 high school students completed the Ball Aptitude Battery. Such factors as sex, age, and cognitive ability affected the degree to which results were in accord with their Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. (SK)

Past studies have indicated that job performance in general tends not to decline with age, but performance on at least several aptitudes does decline noticeably with age. If these relationships hold up over the entire occupational range, there is the possibility that aptitude correlations with job performance may be moderated by age. To…

The assessment of brain impairment is important in the vocational rehabilitation of persons with neuropsychological dysfunction. To determine the sensitivity of the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) to lateralized cerebral dysfunction compared to neuropsychological evaluation, 79 epileptic subjects were assigned to one of three groups…

The relationships were examined between the Ball Aptitude Battery (BAB) and the Comprehensive Ability Battery, Differential Aptitude Tests, and General Aptitude Test Battery. Results showed adequate convergent and discriminant validities for all BAB tests except inductive reasoning, which was factorially complex. (Author/GDC)

This report reviews and compares in a table 16 aptitude and achievement instruments that are used in career assessment and counseling. Includes information about publishers, intended population, time, scoring, computerization, cost, and reviews. (JOW)

A supplementary treatment is proposed which helps identify sources of bias affecting groups of test items. This treatment is illustrated with the tranformed item-difficulty method as applied to an evaluation of a test used to help select applicants to be admitted to an aviation training program. (Author/BW)

Studied the constructs underlying the Ball Aptitude Battery (Ball Foundation; BAB) in 3 studies involving 329 and 365 adults and 175 ninth graders and in a reanalysis (study 4) of previous BAB data. Results show that "g" plays a significant but not dominant role in the BAB, which measures abilities needed for assessing person-job fit.…

In June 1983, 456 presidents from among 5,000 of the largest companies in the United States took a vocabulary test designed by the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation, with the purpose of reexaming the contention that a large and exact vocabulary is an attribute characterizing executives. This Executive Vocabulary Test consisted of 50…

Two groups of continuing education students were tested using three of Viktor Lowenfeld's tests of visual-haptic perception. The scores from the three tests were added to yield a score which identified an individual's location on Lowenfeld's visual-haptic continuum. The investigation also uncovered scoring problems with two of the tests which had…