Surveys of businesses and adult Amish males in Holmes and Wayne counties (Ohio) indicate that farming is declining as the primary occupation for Amish males and that the Amish occupational structure is becoming more complex as more Amish males work away from home. Possible impacts on Amish society, such as increased need for formal education, are…

External boom-bust forces may be so great as to overwhelm even well-prepared communities. In two oil-dependent coastal Louisiana parishes, over 90 percent of variation in total employment, 1970-88, was explained by commodity-related variables completely outside local community control. Contains 53 references. (Author/SV)

A survey of 505 low-income nonmetropolitan families found that participation in informal work activities was widespread; was not related to poverty status; contributed little to family income on average but helped families weather difficult times; was motivated both economically and noneconomically; and, net of other sociodemographic variables,…

Investigates extent of diversity and segmentation within United States migrant farm labor force by examining differences in migrants' attachment to farmwork. Finds three groups of migrants with differing levels of dependence on agriculture differentiated by demographic (age, minority status, region) and employment (earnings) variables. (NEC)

Compares the socioeconomic characteristics of dislocated farm households in North Dakota with working farm households. Finds no significant difference between operating methods of displaced farmers and those currently in business. Suggests researchers shift their attention to macrolevel variables to characterize displaced farmers. (Author/TES)

In Hebei Province (China), interprovincial migrants, particularly recent ones, were found to have higher status jobs than lifetime residents in both urban and rural areas. Upper-rung employment was associated with gender and educational attainment, but the most consistent explanation of occupational distribution emphasizes psychological and social…

Compares influence of employment growth/diversity, commuting, retirement migration, income, unemployment, age structure, and adjacency with influence of nonfarm self-employment and percentage of labor force that is female on recent declines in nonmetropolitan growth rates. Suggests last two variables are more important determinants of…

Extends research of how dairy farm couples allocate their labor across on- and off-farm work domains. Reports that farm, family, and individual characteristics influence the differentiation and integration of husbands' and wives' on- and off-farm work similarly, but that effects of these factors are mediated by crop. Contains 21 references…

Finds that rural women in Nebraska, particularly farm women, entered the wage labor force in disproportionate numbers from 1977 to 1985--farm crisis years. Uses longitudinal data on about 800 Nebraska women to examine the effects of marital status, preschool children, age, residence, and educational attainment. Contains 14 references. (SV)

Analyzes models of gender differences in labor market experiences using data from 17 labor market areas in and around Kentucky. Demonstrates the diversity that exists within rural labor markets, but concludes that disparities in earnings and work stability for women persist, with other variables controlled. Contains 48 references. (Author/DHP)

Over the 1980-1990 period, employment in producer services industries in the nonmetropolitan United States increased substantially. This growth resulted in the development of "nonmetropolitan growth nodes" in producer services industries. A growth node refers to a nonmetropolitan area that contains a greater than average concentration of…

Explores relationship between farm technology and labor availability in Africa. Studies introduction of high-yielding maize variety in Zambia and resulting effects on labor availability/mobilization. Shows shift to hybrids requires additional labor, including available children. Illustrates need for adoption research taking broader farming…

Analyzes concentration of employment opportunities for different socioeconomic groups in different local labor-market areas (LMAs). Uses regression analysis of 1980 census data. Finds rural LMAs offer fewer opportunities. Gender differences in occupational concentrations relate to industrial composition of labor market. Racial difference is…

Analysis of census data indicates that female-headed households increased more rapidly in nonmetro than metro counties between 1980 and 1990; industrial restructuring contributed to change in nonmetro and metro female-headed households, with changes in various industries producing different effects; and formation of female-headed households was…

Investigation centered on patterns and determinants of labor market participation for women living within the economic boundaries of standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) and those relatively isolated from urban centers. Significant differences were noted. Determinants noted included husband's attitude, marital status, and respondent's…