The latest installment of the Fordham Institute's "Creating Sound Policy for Digital Learning" series investigates one of the more controversial aspects of digital learning: How much does it cost? In this paper, the Parthenon Group uses interviews with more than fifty vendors and online-schooling experts to estimate today's average…

Using Durkheim's distinction between mechanical and organic social systems, examines the antecedents of conflict in 111 public schools. Division of labor is indirectly but ultimately related to disputes through direct correlations with goal disagreement and enhanced control. Disputes increase when rules dominate the control structure. (Author/BJV)

Declining enrollments in the seven elementary schools in the district caused a decrease in the number of classrooms per building and an unequal distribution of pupils with class sizes ranging from 13 to 32 students per classroom. Smaller classes and fewer teachers restricted the grouping of pupils for multilevel reading and mathematics…

For most of its history, Pennsylvania's public school system has consisted of three levels: the state level, the local school districts, and an intermediate level. In 1970, the intermediate level was reorganized into 29 intermediate units (IUs). In 1997 the state's General Assembly directed the Joint State Government Commission to study how the…

Superintendents and principals from 50 Pennsylvania school districts were asked to complete two questionnaires each to test, first, the relationships between superintendents' and principals' role conflict and ambiguity and, second, the relationship between superintendents' role conflict and ambiguity and their perceptions of their districts'…

A commission charged with examining the process of Pennsylvania school board policy making as it relates to the roles of the board and the superintendent expresses a number of concerns and makes recommendations. Broad areas identified as needing continuous attention by boards and superintendents are the appraisal of goals and objectives, inservice…

The educational advantages and the housing economies effected by the work-study-play plan have led administrative officers to adopt some form of this organization in many school systems. The plan is variously designated as the "platoon plan," "alternating school," "companion class method," or "duplicate…

Recent years have brought an upsurge of interest and concern among school administrators and others regarding the administrative and specialized services that are necessary for providing sound educational programs and maintaining school system efficiency. In response to that growing interest and concern, the Office of Education and the American…

Because of the increased interest in and current publicity given to the problems of agricultural migrant workers and their families, there has been a growing concern in the Nation regarding the lack of educational opportunities offered to migrant children. Since the programs for the education of children of migrant workers vary from State to…