Beginning and small-scale growers face significant challenges to maintain their economic sustainability, including maintaining a sufficient level of income. Despite this growing problem, there is little information currently available on what kind of education and/or skills beginning farmers need in order to make their operations profitable. The…

Thirty-seven employers of clerical personnel were surveyed to determine necessary skills, education, and experience for the positions of clerk/receptionist, clerk/stenographer, secretary, and administrative assistant. The results suggest that at least a high school diploma, typing speed, and one-two years of experience are considered necessary by…