The Middle East and North Africa region has the world's lowest returns to education. This paper examines what the value of a degree is using nationally representative labour market surveys from Egypt (2012), Jordan (2010) and Tunisia (2014). Specifically, the authors estimate Mincer models for levels and years of schooling. They find that returns…

Purpose: A fundamental assumption of the apprenticeship model is that there are benefits to both employers and individual learners. This study offers a broad conceptual interrogation of this inherent assumption underpinning the apprenticeship model. Approach: This study combines analysis of literature and available data and draws upon…

This report focuses on a critical concern for the European Training Foundation's (ETF's) partner countries and other countries of the around the world. Skills mismatch is recognised as a major challenge by policy makers, practitioners and social partners, as it is often associated with dynamic social and economic contexts such as restructuring…

Estimates male-female earnings differentials for a 1979 sample of employed university graduates in Egypt. Just over 25 percent of the gross earnings differential between men and women remains "unexplained." This differential, usually attributed to discrimination, is small compared with results obtained from other countries. (Contains 46…

One of a series on educational planning, this booklet reviews the findings of several studies on the employment of university graduates in five developing countries: Egypt, Philippines, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia. Data for these studies were collected from samples of students and former graduates. A number of facets of the topic are investigated…