Investment in secondary schooling in sub-Saharan Africa has been neglected over the last two decades. Emphasis on universalising primary schooling has shaped national policy and flows of international assistance to favour rapid expansion at the first level of schooling. Though there are many good reasons for this emphasis, this has resulted in…

Science courses designed or adapted for use in developing countries at the upper primary or lower secondary levels of the school system seem rarely to meet criteria of relevance to the future lives of the majority of pupils. The objectives of many new programs that aim to promote the understanding and application of scientific principles are often…

This book explores the problems and issues of secondary-school financing in developing countries. It outlines the rationale for expanding secondary education, investigates under what conditions it might be possible to do so at sustainable cost levels, presents case studies of secondary-school financing, and offers policy recommendations. The first…