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Direct linkHiebert, Elfrieda H. – Reading Teacher, 2022
According to interpretations of results from the latest oral reading fluency (ORF) study conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (White et al., 2020), fourth-grade students who score below the basic standard require interventions that focus on word recognition, phonological decoding, and fluency. Before such mandates for…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Reading Tests, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency
Liu, Siping; Wang, Jian – Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 2015
This study examines the effectiveness of cooperative reading teaching activities and independent reading activities for English language learner (ELL) students at 4th grade level. Based on simple linear regression and correlational analyses of data collected from two large data bases, PIRLS and NAEP, the study found that cooperative reading…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Native Language
Berninger, Virginia W.; Abbott, Robert D.; Trivedi, Pamala; Olson, Erin; Gould, Laura; Hiramatsu, Sandra; Holsinger, Marta; McShane, Margaret; Murphy, Heather; Norton, Jennifer; Boyd, Annie Scuilli; York Westhaggen, Susanna – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2010
In Study 1 we evaluated whether each of three kinds of reading fluency (oral, silent-sentences, silent-passages) contributed uniquely to reading comprehension when children were in second grade (when oral reading is emphasized) and again when they were in fourth grade (when silent reading is emphasized). In Study 2 we evaluated the relationship of…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Sentences, Silent Reading, Reading Fluency
