Of 40,000 Ph.D.s a year forecast for the 1980s, only one-third may get jobs related to their specialty, and only one-tenth jobs in academe. It is suggested that enormous counterpressures, mainly from the faculty, are keeping market forces from operating, and institutions keep producing doctoral graduates. (Author/LBH)

The institutions making efforts to study and change faculty salary disparities for men and women are finding that determining what constitutes a fair salary review and adjustment is difficult. Other institutions are resisting making changes. (MSE)

Despite its high unemployment level, Germany is experiencing a shortage of specialists and managers. Germany's need for highly qualified information technology (IT) workers and engineers is particularly great. Approximately 10,000 posts for computer scientists and IT specialists remained vacant in 1998. Because of the shortage of such specialists,…

Four scientists, trained as astronomers, describe their astronomical training and present careers in non-astronomy, industrial jobs. They recount some of the differences, positive and negative, between industrial and academic employment, and comment on some of the attitudes they perceive academic and industrial scientists hold toward each other.…

This report addresses concerns about the quality of biomedical and behavioral research conducted in the United States and the role that federally supported research and training plays in developing it. In addition, current and projected supply of and demand for scientists in the biomedical and behavioral fields is assessed. These fields include…

A study of the opportunities for women in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is reported along with suggested policy directions for government programs. Focus is on identifying the gaps that have appeared or grown wider in recent decades between, on one hand, existing laws, policies, and…

Faculty in some disciplines are hired at and continue to earn larger salaries than those in other fields, with salaries becoming compressed in the junior ranks. The high-earning disciplines vary by institution type. (MSE)

Educational and occupational training programs initiated in times of high unemployment are actually designed to maintain social control of the unemployed. Current efforts by the Australian government to educate young, unemployed school leavers wrongfully shift the blame for unemployment away from the economy and onto the work force itself.…

This brief examines trends in the retail trade, especially in grocery stores, from an international perspective. A comparison of recent national studies finds the following: (1) significant differences in structure and organization exist, especially in the role of traditional small shops versus large chain grocery stores; (2) increasing store size…

Discusses the influence of future changes in the demographics of working populations and the characteristics of the workplace on research, development, and policy for training systems. Analysis of changes indicates that there will be greater expectations that training programs will help maximize each person's potential. (Author/JS)

This document examines the school-to-work transition issue from a state, national, and global perspective. Chapter 1 explores problems facing youths entering the job market, demands of the global marketplace and changing economy, critical skills needed by workers, and benefits of integrating academic and workplace skills in the classroom. Chapter…

This report addresses three issues concerning the ability of California's collegiate nursing programs to produce enough registered nurses to meet a growing statewide shortage: (1) the existing enrollment capacity of nursing programs in the State's public and private colleges and universities; (2) plans for the expansion of enrollments on existing…

The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

This report examines employment in terms of fundamental, long-range economic change and describes activities of the National Commission for Employment Policy. Part I assesses labor market changes as a first step in developing employment policies that will serve the needs of America in the 1980s and beyond. It considers the changing labor force;…

To ensure economic growth and increased employment opportunities for youth, there must be greater emphasis on the following: (1) providing self-employment skills to young people; (2) preparing them for highly technical jobs; and (3) preparing them for service industry jobs. Recommends the incorporation of entrepreneurship education in the…