In November 1980, the National Institute of Education (NIE) sponsored a roundtable on Issues in Urban Reading, the proceedings and recommendations of which are included in this paper and focused on two major questions: What is contributing to the drop in reading scores during the elementary and middle school years? and What are the skills and…

This paper reviews the literature on the role of mediating cognitive factors in marital functioning and satisfaction. Types and patterns of causal attributions of distressed and nondistressed couples are compared and the effectiveness of various intervention models is discussed. The materials also discuss the role of unfulfilled expectations as a…

In this examination of East Indian theories about the self, an overview of two Indian concepts of self, "atman" and "ahamkara," is presented. Then, in an effort to uncover common theoretical grounds for understanding India's diverse views of the self, comparisons are made between Western psychoanalytic theories (e.g., the…

This paper outlines some of the origins and functions of modeling within a human service training context, particularly counseling psychology, and discusses some of the consequences of modeling as a training method. The materials suggest that an emphasis on affective experience and behavioral methodologies has limited the potential of social…

When adequately elaborated, the basic method of Gestalt therapy can be traced to the phenomenological field theory of Gestalt psychology. Gestalt therapy differs from Gestalt psychology not because of a difference in philosophy or method, but because of different contexts; the clinical context has different demands than those of basic research.…

Studies in intellectual development, brain organization, and learning are summarized. They show that neither intelligence nor giftedness are solely the result of cognitive functions. Both rely on the use of the total brain in an appropriate environment. Intelligence is dynamic. It must be used and developed or it will be lost. (PS)

Introduces a three-stage historical model of female education in Africa during and since the colonial period. Suggests an historical tendency to educate only males, then an attempt to educate a limited number of females for "modern" roles. Contemporary situation presents educational opportunities for more women, but with subtle sexism…

Examines the historical processes which led to the institutionalization of residential care for children in Israel. The utopian "children's villages" of the 1920's were eventually taken over by a process of mass institutionalization and bureaucratic inflexibility, but the ideological commitment to collective group care has remained…

Presents an Adlerian vocational theory with several hypotheses and corollaries regarding: (a) life style, (b) work as life task, (c) family atmosphere and relationships, and (d) early recollections. Develops predictive vocational statements and offers the resulting framework as a stimulant to generate further study of Adlerian vocational…

This book discusses constructing variables and making measures. It begins by outlining the qualities a number must meet before it qualifies as a measure of something. The basis is the measurement philosophy of G. Rasch. The first requirement for making good measures is good raw material. To achieve the possibility of comparisons, the data must…

Reviews the basic concepts of structural and strategic family approaches and introduces a model for integrating them in a concurrent and contrapuntal fashion. Presents case studies. Gives special attention to the strategic disengagement technique. Provides rules for deciding upon the appropriate approach. (Author/JAC)

Describes the use of a structural family therapy model as a basis for a school consultation program. Suggests school consultants use an understanding of family systems theory as it relates to classroom "families." Proposes this approach allows flexibility in dealing with student discipline and guidance. (JAC)

Discusses the speech act approach and its usefulness in conveying the meaning of the imperative both for the native speaker and for the purpose of language acquisition. Analyses the infinitival construction of German-language advertising slogans and describes its potential for conveying a variety of messages. (Author/MES)

In order to understand and evaluate the continued prevalence of corporal punishment in school systems, this article reviews the following topics: (1) historical issues; (2) current demographics and correlates; (3) the effectiveness of corporal punishment in school settings; (4) myths; (5) alternatives to corporal punishment; and (6) social policy.…

Examines the relations between the Philosophy of Education Society (PES) and various educational reform movements, noting the emergence of women as a more feasible part of PES and the impact of feminist theory on issues pursued by philosophy of education and the conception of philosophy as a mode of investigation. (SM)