The author points out the multifaceted aspects of the problems associated with rural women's need for money and financial services and outlines innovative schemes in this area such as the bank for the landless in Bangladesh, a savings and loan cooperative for market women in Nicaragua, and a savings development movement in Zimbabwe. (CT)

In rural refugee-affected areas, the better-off and more visible hosts usually gain from the presence of refugees and refugee programs. The poorer hosts, however, often lose from competition for food, work, wages, services and common property resources. (Author/GC)

Library development in colonial tropical Africa was closely tied with economic potentiality. Thus, in Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya, libraries were established as agents of economic exploitation (agricultural, mineral), agents of political education, and instruments for cultural diffusion. "Public" libraries were also used…

Examines the future of United States agriculture, with primary reference to the next two decades and a more general assessment to the year 2020. Major areas considered include population and economic growth, food and agricultural policies, and the long-term productive capacity of U.S. agriculture. (JN)

Canadian universities, with their strong research and training capabilities, are ideally positioned to assist the developing world in strengthening its knowledge infrastructure. Through the University Partnerships in Cooperation and Development program--funded by the Canadian International Development Agency--Canadian universities collaborate with…

Defines "disadvantaged youth" and reviews vocational training and employment programs designed for them. Finds that these activities tend to favor the relatively privileged rather than those with the greatest need. (SK)

Discusses conservation and development from Indonesian viewpoint, focusing on problems encountered in the process of development and reconciling development with conservation. Topics addressed include pressures of population growth, concern for man and eco-development, global considerations, trends after Stockholm conference (common responsibility…

Many of the programs established for women often perpetuate stereotypical roles. The most useful nonformal education programs for women should provide them with skills and knowledge related to reproductive tasks, productive work, emancipation, and empowerment. Nongovernmental voluntary organizations, especially those run by women, play a critical…

This article looks at how far educational approaches to gender equity can be packaged and exported to developing countries. I analyze current discourses on women's education at international, national and local levels. Drawing on detailed ethnographic data from Nepal, I argue that issues around gender and education need to be addressed as…

Activities related to the preparation of literacy follow-up materials in Asia and the Pacific are described in this final report of a regional workshop. Following a summary of the proceedings of the workshop, chapter 1 reviews preparation and field testing of printed book materials, printed nonbook materials, electronic media materials, and games…

Examines background related to the question of how to classify Papua New Guinea for study in regional geography courses. Concludes on the basis of physical and cultural similarities that Papua New Guinea should be included as the tenth country in Southeast Asia. (Author/DB)

Examines case studies of special public works programs in five countries (Burkina Faso, Burundi, Rwanda, Nepal, and United Republic of Tanzania) that included afforestation projects, anti-erosion works, and the building of reservoirs. Discusses program design, implementation, and impact. (CH)

World Bank recommendations calling on developing countries to shift some of their higher-education funds to elementary and secondary education have prompted opposition from leaders of the International Association of Universities. (MLW)

Presents the context in which the aid chain of adult education operates in Latin America and the Third World. Refers to the characteristics of promotional organizations and international assistance agencies and the way in which the aid chain operates. Suggests ways to overcome major limitations. (CH)

Summarizes Blumberg's theory of gender stratification, which emphasizes relative male/female control of economic resources as a main predictor of multiple gender stratification consequences. Reviews evidence from Third World countries that men and women spend income differently, such that, when women lose control of income, family well-being and…