Interviewed adolescents to record personal situations they experienced concerning food, nutrition, and/or eating. Situation "movement states" were identified to determine qualitative ways in which adolescents perceived themselves as dealing with situations described. Data indicated that this theoretical base may be used by nutrition educators to…

Reviews issues raised in ongoing debate between advocates of eclecticism and proponents of single-theory-based counseling. Sees essential issue for field of mental health counseling to be need to build theory base specific to profession. Asserts that adequate theory must be based on defining principles of mental health counseling profession and…

Reviews status of Super's emphasis on career development as process of self-concept implementation. Presents overview of research and measurement issues, then discusses contemporary research programs, including those on career self-efficacy and Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise, relating specific aspects of self-concept to…

This report provides comparisons of U.S. and Japanese science resources and some initial evidence that Japan is expanding the human and financial resources for science while improving the environment for basic research. The data cover science and technology trends in research and development from 1975 to 1994, as well as more recent changes in…

Describes characteristics and activities of university-based education policy centers. Summarizes the circumstances surrounding the establishment of these centers, and focuses on the missions and activities of existing centers. Discusses the rationale for a national network of centers, and surveys issues to be addressed. Lists 18 university-based…

Proposes classification system for short-term and time-limited treatments that descriptively orders different types of brief treatments. Uses system to compare and contrast conceptually planned models of short-term therapy. Discusses research and practice implications for counseling psychologists. (Author/NB)

Examines the impact of innovative entrepreneurship and the needs of developing and transitional economies. Outlines the operation of the European Commission's Business and Innovation Centres. Suggests that innovation must be viewed as a major issue in all enterprises and that greater recognition be given to the role of innovative small and…

Notes that United States currently has about 15 research institutes or departments affiliated with nursing homes, and several others are under consideration. Summarizes results of short survey of these institutes. Advantages for both nursing home and research of having research institute in nursing home are discussed along with problems that…

Claims the field of counseling currently lacks an integrative approach on issues of sexual orientations in training and research. Discusses some of the challenges and difficulties involved in integrating sexual orientations into counselor training curricula and research. Presents suggestions to help professionals gain a better understanding of…

Presents overview of Item Response Theory (IRT). Explores substantial advantages of IRT in both ability and attitude measurements. Describes and illustrates basic IRT models. Discusses instrument construction and computerized testing. (Author/BHK)

Discusses the Xerox/Kurzweil Personal Reader which is an advanced optical scanner that reads a greater range of typeset or typewritten text than its predecessors, and converts it into highly naturalistic speech. (MG)

Examines African-American church as potential research setting for mental health counseling research. Theoretical discussion identifies relevant research questions that could facilitate collaboration of mental health counseling researchers and African-American clergy and church congregations in responding to mental health needs of community.…

U.S. research institutions are undergoing significant changes from patterns established in the decade following World War II. Declining undergraduate enrollments are predicted to lead to "steady-state" universities; federal policy is emphasizing industry-university research cooperation and calling for a decreased federal role in the…

Reviews research on the Joint Council on Economic Education's (JCEE) K-12 Developmental Economic Education Program (DEEP). Claims that limitations of previous studies and JCEE's recent decision to expand further DEEP create the need for more comprehensive understanding of DEEP and economics instruction at the precollege level. (BSR)

Describes the history of peer review at the National Institute of Education (NIE) and discusses some broad principles of federal research management and peer review. Notes recent recommendations for improvement in peer review procedures and sketches procedures that will guide NIE in an upcoming lab and center competition. (Author/KH)