Discusses why agentic and idiographic approaches (in combination with more typical nomothetic, nonagentic studies) may enhance the predictive accuracy of psychological experiments. Presents study on exercise behavior of 42 college student subjects and analyzes it from 3 perspectives: nonagentic-nomothetic, nonagentic-idiographic, and…

That researchers should give anonymity to research sites and to the individuals involved in research is usually taken as an ethical norm. Such a norm is embodied internationally in most of the ethical guidelines and codes of practice of the various educational, sociological and psychological research associations and societies. This paper…

The reflective judgment model (RJM) describes the development of complex reasoning in late adolescents and adults, and how the epistemological assumptions people hold are related to the way they make judgments about controversial (ill-structured) issues. This article describes the theoretical assumptions that have guided the development of the RJM…

A two-part report presents the results of the 16th national survey of American high school seniors, and the 11th national survey of American college students. This volume contains the results from high school seniors. Chapter 1 explains the purposes and rationale for the research, and content areas covered in the report. Chapter 2 presents an…

Shared-work compensation (SWC) can provide a method whereby layoffs and unemployment may be avoided by reducing all workers' time. As compensation, workers receive a comparable percentage of their unemployment insurance benefits. Although Western European countries have used work-sharing programs and Canada has implemented an experimental SWC…

This report discusses considerations involved in placing the evaluation process for criminal justice agencies within an organizational and practical context. The discussion proceeds from the following perspectives: (1) program evaluation is a policy/management tool; (2) various levels of policy and management personnel have numerous and varied…

Reviews investigations attempting to manipulate clients' expectations for counseling or psychotherapy. Describes and evaluates six strategies used in attempting expectancy manipulation, none with significant success. Audiotaped and videotaped interventions proved most effective, verbal interactions ineffective, and printed documents of dubious…

This article introduces H. F. Wolcott's 1982 taxonomy entitled "Styles of On-Site Research: A Guide for Students." It describes how the taxonomy may be used to improve the quality of on-site investigations in art education and includes an extensive bibliography on each of the approaches. (Author/JDH)

This study identifies factors contributing to experiences of low motivation in community college instructors; identifies symptoms which typically correspond to low motivation; and identifies strategies for preventing or alleviating the problem of low motivation in faculty at community colleges. (CT)

Presents an opinion survey developed to assess residence hall students' opinions and as a model of comprehensive student-based research. Discusses random sample selection, survey implementation, and data analysis. Results of the survey indicated significant sex differences in attitudes about resident assistants, housekeeping, and drinking. (RC)

New research suggests that personalities prone to extreme violence can be predicted by analysis of chemical elements found in human hair. Methodology employed and results obtained are highlighted and discussed. Relationships between diet and human behavior are also discussed. (JN)

Describes the use of sample surveys in student affairs data collection. Discusses guidelines for planning, designing, and conducting research projects which employ survey methodology. Considers survey methodology, wording of questions, survey format, and sample size. (RC)

Describes a systematic approach to determine interventions which will efficiently increase the retention rates of certain categories of college students using small-sample research methods. Presents six steps designed to reduce student attrition rates among distinct groups of college students. (RC)

Describes, in 15 articles, the content and findings of the vocational rehabilitation core area of Project PREP (Programmatic Research on Employment Preparation). Presents the conceptual framework developed from research and addresses two themes: career services and management implications for a career-oriented program. (RC)

Examines the credibility of inferences based on cross-group comparisons of regression coefficients using Black-White differences in the educational attainment process as an example. Shows that reanalyses of data from previous studies fail to produce consistent results even when major differences in samples, models, and methods are held constant.…