Student performance in mathematics and science, as measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), has improved somewhat over the past 3 decades, but not consistently. Improvements have occurred across all racial/ethnic subgroups. This document contains quantitative analysis of key aspects of the scope, quality, and vitality of the Nation's science and engineering enterprise. This report presents information on science, mathematics, and engineering at all levels; the scientific and engineering workforce; and U.S. and international R&D performance and competitiveness in high technology; and public attitudes and understanding of science and engineering. In response to user demand, it contains a new chapter on state-level science and engineering indicators. An overview chapter presents the key themes from these analyses. (Individual chapters contain tables & figures.)