Recognizing the vulnerability of working children to possible exploitation and abuse, this report examines remunerated and unremunerated work performed by children worldwide, ranging from child labor in factories and agriculture to work conducted within the family household. Section 1 of the report describes the scale and importance of children's work, considers children's work within the context of childhood, and focuses on the ethical debate regarding children's work. Section 2 discusses the causes of children working, including macro-level poverty and inequality, household poverty, social attitudes, and biases against girls' education. Section 3 assesses the costs and benefits of child work. Section 4 describes interventions to address poverty, improve children's working conditions, regulate or eliminate child work, and increase working children's participation in education. Section 5 details 10 recommendations for improving the lives of working children: (1) measuring impact of interventions; (2) obtaining working children's participation; (3) incorporating micro-macro linkages in programming; (4) combining intervention approaches; (5) developing more precise criteria to assess risks and hazards; (6) defining exploitation; (7) reviewing institutional issues to identify ways to improve coordination between different actors in relation to child work; (8) continuing social impact assessment; (9) awareness-raising; and (10) continuing research on child work. The appendices discuss a framework and criteria for assessing interventions, the nature of hazards and the forms of exploitation faced by working children, and international legislation relating to child labor. Contains 102 references. (Author/KB)