This report is based on a survey of U.S. higher education institutions and national exchange organizations. It highlights significant changes since 1989: (1) substantial growth in number of exchange programs and U.S. institutions sponsoring exchanges; (2) decline in predominance of long-term, broad-range reciprocal exchanges; (3) increase in number of new exchange and training programs in professional fields such as management, law, and public administration--most new since 1990; (4) increase in number of academic/professional training programs taking place on-site in Eastern Europe; (5) activity in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary, with Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia lagging behind; and (6) a growing tendency in the U.S. foundation community toward grantmaking directly to institutions in East Central Europe. Appendices, comprising most of the report, include the East Central Europe Information Exchange Program Survey Number 1; summary data of the U.S. Institution program data, data by country, and data by field of study; U.S. Information Agency Grants to Selected Programs for Fiscal Year 1991; and U.S. Agency for International Development Grants to Universities, Fiscal Year 1991. Contains 14 references. (GLR)