This handbook synthesizes results of workshops organized by seven countries (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam) on the dropout and underachievement problem. The objectives of these workshops were to: (1) design training strategies for reducing rates of dropping out and grade repetition; (2) develop plans and prepare instructional materials for inservice education of teachers, focusing on the reduction of grade repetition and dropout rates; (3) develop commitment and competencies in teachers which contribute to positive parental attitudes and child learning; and (4) orient policymakers and high-level administrators who would provide administrative and professional support to teachers. A general picture of the dropout and underachievement problem in the region is presented, and the sociological, cultural, and geographical contexts in which the dropout and grade repetition problems exist are described. The in which the dropout and grade repetition problems exist. The handbook focuses on teacher and school-related factors which can be controlled, discussing skills and competencies which need to be developed. The last part of the handbook lists and describes inservice training strategies. A bibliography is included. (ABL)