Combines two major sociological formulations, primary and secondary systems and pattern variables, to create a model for analysis of problems in living. Offers a social system perspective for such analysis to serve as a supplement to intra- or interpersonal models used by human service workers, supervisors, and administrators. (Author)

Proposes a conceptual framework for the examination of alcohol and drug use as employee responses to work environments. Discusses three sets of substance abuse antecedents: distancing forces, attractions, and constraints. Provides examples of these antecedents within the organizational setting and explores the dynamic interrelationships among…

Problems faced by Black administrators in three community substance abuse agencies in Iowa were examined to determine the following: (1) the unique problems they faced; (2) their problems in relation to the expectations of their employers, co-workers, and clients; and (3) whether they believed there were problems specifically related to their…