The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

Recent developments in equal pay, equal employment opportunities, women's involvement in trade unions, and the impact of women's work on family life and national development are reviewed. (SK)

The crux of the problem addressed by the concept of comparable worth is sex and race discrimination in employment. Aggressive enforcement of Title VII and the Equal Pay Act to ensure equal employment opportunities and pay equity is the only way of combatting the problem. (Author)

The Supreme Court has ruled that statistical evidence about the effects of an employer's policies can be used to prove discrimination in situations where a variety of imprecise criteria are used. The decision is applicable to faculty salary and tenure disputes. (MSE)

Although women are entering the labor force in large numbers, evidence is presented suggesting that mechanization has served to reinforce the traditional position of women both at home and in the labor market. Topics discussed include among others, occupations, time spent in housework, segregation of occupation by sex, and earnings. (Author/JN)

Argues that the concept of comparable worth provides a viable way out of the growing poverty of women. Reviews the history of low wages for women in the United States, discusses anomalies in the dominant economic-gender system exposed by comparable worth, and addresses the social and political implications of comparable worth. (KH)

Faculty women have had limited success in winning redress for employment discrimination in hiring, salary, promotion, and tenure. The burdens in time and money faced by those seeking remedies make litigation accessible to only a few, leaving internal institutional reform as the only means of moving toward sex equity. (Author/GC)

Discusses the growing gap between the wages of women and men and reviews arguments opposing pay equity. Cites occupational segregation and sex-based wage discrimination as causes for the wage gap, and considers some remedies that have proven to be effective: negotiation, collective bargaining, litigation, and job evaluation studies. (KH)

Pay equity is the most important issue affecting all women (but especially women of color) seeking economic equity in the workplace. Over the last two decades, the earnings of White women as a percentage of the earnings of White men have remained constant at about 60%. The wages of women of color, on the other hand, increased dramatically (as a…

Examines the following possible sources of measurement error in pay analysis and proposes methods to alleviate the problems: (1) choice of the number and type of job factors; (2) method of assigning values to each job factor; (3) method of selecting factor weights; and (4) political modifications made when a plan is implemented. (JS)

This report discusses ways to determine why female Federal employees earn less than male Federal employees. Two general approaches are discussed: economic analysis and job content. Economic analysis attempts to measure and explain existing wage differentials between men and women using characteristics of individuals, occupations, and the…

Despite the great influx of women into the labor market, the gap between men's and women's wages has remained stable at 40 percent since 1950. Analysis of labor data suggests that this has occurred because women's educational attainment compared to men has declined. Recently, however, the wage gap has begun to narrow, and this will probably become…

According to this report by the Kentucky Commission on Human Rights, women in the Kentucky State government continued to suffer from serious inequities as of November 1982. The salary gap between men and women widened to an annual difference of $4,114, the largest gap of an eight-year trend. The salary gap between black women and white women grew…

Young women perceive themselves today as equally entitled, active citizens of society. Women's interest in helping to shape politics and society has grown. The German Women's Council, an umbrella organization of about 100 German women's associations, commemorates this year the 100th anniversary of the death of Louise Otto-Peters, the founder of…

In providing an overview of the complex topic of mature women in the workplace, this report presents some of the known, and sometimes contradictory, facts about women and work. It is divided into three sections. The first section begins by detailing facts and figures regarding the older woman worker of the 1980s. Comparisons are made between men's…