The average retirement age for men shifted from 70 in 1950 to 65 in 1970 to 62 in 1985. Whether the trend toward early retirement has ended depends on interpretation of changes in the last 2 decades, including elimination of mandatory retirement, modifications in social security and pension plans, and increased longevity. (Contains 18 references.)…

This document presents an extensive report on retirement income prepared by the Congressional Research Service at the request of Congressman Dan Rostenkowski. The report consists of an executive summary, an overview of the issue, and a series of background papers. Part I provides an overview of retirement income for an aging population and…

Workplace changes and increased longevity have heightened the need for retirement planning specialists. Specialists are beginning to focus more holistically on life planning and addressing the challenges of technology and the needs of low-income adults. (Contains 15 references.) (SK)

Japan is experiencing the aging of its labor force. Despite the fear that this will have an adverse effect on the economy, studies conducted by management and economists indicate that demographic and retirement system changes are unlikely to lower productivity. (SK)

Investigates changes in retirement patterns in the 20th century through two lenses: as nonemployment and as leisure in the postwar economy. Discusses the shifting financial liability for retirement as the number of retirees rises in proportion to the number of workers, causing additional changes in retirement patterns and social security. (SK)

The United States is on the verge of a labor shortage that is partly the result of declining birth rates. An increase in work force participation by older adults, encouraged by reversals of early retirement and other policy changes, would be advantageous to employers, workers, and the economy. (Author/SK)

The labor force participation of older workers may surpass recent projections due to reductions in retirement benefits and labor shortages. However, employers' attitudes about hiring older workers have not changed enough. (Contains 24 references.) (SK)

This report provides information on: (1) demographic changes in the elderly population; (2) the relationship of these changes to the retirement income status of the elderly and expenditures for acute health care and long-term care services; and (3) the extent to which potential changes to federal programs could affect the needs of the elderly. The…

This report begins by recognizing that Australia's recent immigration, fertility, and mortality trends have resulted in a rapid increase not only in the numbers of older Australians but also in their proportion of the total population. After briefly reviewing the contemporary demographic aging of Australia's population and its likely course over…

This paper begins by noting that at the time that Medicare was enacted in 1965, the plans for funding Medicare through a mix of public and private financing mechanisms seemed quite adequate. It goes on to explain how, 20 years later, the situation is changing enough to create a need to examine whether there is a fairer or more efficient way to…

Explores four selected facets of the geography of Midwest population related to movement of people: (1) spread of occupancy across the land; (2) growth of county populations once they had been occupied; (3) distribution of the foreign-born population; and (4) distribution of retirees who have migrated after retirement. Concludes movements are…