Advocates both summative and formative student evaluation incorporating instructor, peer, and self-evaluation. Presents two examples of the rating format for illustration, and suggests that the key to the feedback depends on the consistency among the sources. Results should contribute to final grades. (JAC)

Notes that many counselors find themselves in settings where supervision of their clinical skills is not available. Proposes a peer supervision model that will provide practitioners with an opportunity to monitor their practice, improve their self-confidence, and further develop their counseling skills. (Author)

The authors discuss criteria for evaluating teachers' classroom performance and especially innovative performance. They also suggest a model structure for teacher evaluation. (CH)

Describes the history of peer review at the National Institute of Education (NIE) and discusses some broad principles of federal research management and peer review. Notes recent recommendations for improvement in peer review procedures and sketches procedures that will guide NIE in an upcoming lab and center competition. (Author/KH)

Describes administrative changes at the National Institute of Education (NIE) over the last four years and relates these to NIE's recent revision of its peer review system. Briefly describes changes in peer review and asserts that the new system provides researchers great opportunity for participation in maintaining quality research. (KH)

This report concerns the Health Care Financing Administration's (HCFA) contracting with Utilization and Quality Control Peer Review Organizations (PROs) as a means of monitoring the medical necessity and quality of in-hospital care provided to Medicare beneficiaries. Findings from a HCFA survey of PROs in California, Florida, and Georgia are used…

Summarizes and reviews the peer review system of evaluating research proposals by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Health. Includes National Academy of Sciences study of NSF peer review, appeals mechanism, and alternatives to peer review, such as Black grants and research productivity criteria. (SK)

This report argues a case for the use of professional teaching portfolios by educators in higher education, advances a point of view about portfolio issues, and offers examples of portfolio entries. A work-sample-plus-reflection model is presented as a guide for what might be included in a portfolio and why it might be used at a particular campus.…

Explores legal requirements, ethical tenets, documentation standards and skills involved, and clinical implications of peer review by clinical social workers. Emphasizes provider participation in the review process to facilitate a positive review outcome. (Author/ABL)

The classroom environment elicits social comparison behavior in which a student uses peers' performance as a gauge for his own self-assessment. Social comparison as it relates to ability is a four phase sequential process. In phase one, stimulation of social comparison is elicited through developmentally-determined cognitive capacities and motives…

Argues that both science and society will be better served if the scientific community recognizes that it must assume a strong, coherent negotiating stance in its relationship with government as it did 40 years ago. Defense of the peer review principle is essential to the achievement of this stance. (JN)

Notes that, in "University of Pennsylvania versus Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1990)," Supreme Court held that university is not entitled to common law privilege to withhold confidential peer review documents from federal agency investigating allegations of employment discrimination. Reviews case and considers potentially…

Reports on union-negotiated reforms in several large urban school districts that included peer review, teacher induction, professional development, and performance rewards. (PKP)

Congress has quietly approved millions of dollars for campus research projects not subjected to traditional merit reviews. The wisdom of allowing legislators to direct federal money to specific campuses is questioned less and less, and the practice is more prevalent than ever. (MSE)

The development of technologies enables us to create online learning environments. As online learning is expanding its role in higher education, it becomes one of fundamental issues how to create online learning environments to facilitate online interaction. One of the methods is using a discussion board where learners can interact with other…