The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards has organized the standards for accomplished teachers of world languages into nine standards, which are presented in this report: (1) Standard I: Knowledge of Students; (2) Standard II: Knowledge of Language; (3) Standard III: Knowledge of Culture; (4) Standard IV: Knowledge of Language…

The idea of what constitutes literacy in the classroom is mostly determined by middle-class school officials and state and federal administrators. The discourse of minority populations is marginalized and not readily recognized or incorporated into mainstream instruction. This impacts not only the ability of these students to be accountable…

This report summarizes results of ethnographic research and a survey on how home climate, school climate, and interaction between the two might affect learning and school behavior among students of different racial/ethnic groups, sex, and socioeconomic background; and provides guidelines for measuring and improving equity in multicultural schools.…

Explains how teachers can identify and correct sexist classroom practices. Teachers strive for fairness, but even those deeply concerned about gender equality tend to interact differently with boys and girls, with profound effects on children's self-esteem, academic interests, and ability to become independent, assertive thinkers. (SM)

This introductory essay describes an analytical framework that locates students, staff, and institutions within both local and extra-local patterns of stratification and clarifies our theoretical understanding of ethnographic data concerning student perceptions and practices in higher education. The essay introduces four articles based on…

Livingston College, a branch of Rutgers University in New Jersey, was established to provide working class and disadvantaged ethnic groups with access to an innovative and socially oriented higher education curriculum. Contradictory values in the dominant society, however, led to the college's failure to realize its goals, and its eventual…

Addresses the disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically different children in special education classes. Proposes a three-tiered response model relating to the individual practitioner, the educational process, and a larger scaled systematic response to the issues. Effective practical suggestions are offered. (Author/JAC)

Discusses how cultural differences contribute to overrepresentation of African Americans in special education, examining European American cultural expectations that clash with those of African Americans. Factors contributing to overrepresentation include cultural discontinuity and prejudicial practices among African American students and European…

Reviews effective schools research and asserts that achieving effectiveness by focusing narrowly on testing and curriculum objectives can have detrimental effects. Provides a listing of characteristics of schools that achieved grade-level success with low income students for several years. Intended as a practical guide for other schools wishing to…

Article investigates why process teaching fails to provide African-American students with access to literacy, delineating assumptions in process theory to explain some African-American students' failure to respond to process methods. Process discussions need to include the affective domain of teaching, particularly as it impedes African-American…

This report reviews research that demonstrates how gender inequity is not only learned and accepted in the socialization process that starts at home, but is also present in the school environment from the very early years, consciously or unconsciously, reinforcing sex stereotypes. Findings are examined in three areas: (1) interactions in the…

Shared cultural backgrounds and norms about how to use language can influence classroom interactions for minorities, including African Americans. Research finds serious problems when teachers' interactional styles differ from that of students' home communities. The differences can prevent full student participation and limit academic progress.…

The New York State hearings (held on May 10-11, 1984, in New York City) reported on in this document focused on three areas of public education considered key to inequity: the denial of equal access to school resources, the denial of equal quality in the learning process, and the denial of open futures in the link between school and work. The…

Discusses preservice and inservice beginning-teacher preparation, identifying areas of teaching that challenge the cultural deficit model by examining the role of teaching standards in addressing second-language learners' needs. Describes demographic changes within the classroom; reviews literature on effective teaching practices; and identifies a…