Reviews Natalie Robinson Cole's contribution to the field of art education by contrasting her philosophies with those of other art educators. Compares her teaching style with Viennese art educator, Franz Cizek. Concludes that Cole's life and work can be examined within as many frames for understanding as can be devised. (KM)

Aims to show that children have a "functional use of drawing" which contrasts with the mechanistic stages model of drawing development. Observes that young children's images often show extended time sequences. Argues that, when considered from this viewpoint, children's drawing abilities develop gradually from a high to a low variety of…

Examines basic issues about art education including its content, relevance to students' lives, creativity, and testing and accountability. Argues that art educators need to work at diagnosing problems, improving learning, and making opportunities for students rather than attempting to make art education accountable by submitting it to formal…

Reviews research on the place of the arts in programs for the elderly. In nine articles deals with characteristics and attitudes of adult students in art and music, dance therapy, and creativity. Discusses the aging advocacy movement and suggests it can be useful to program planners and gerontologists. (JAC)