Summarizes research on competition as a part of normal development that is disproportionately reinforced within American culture. Concludes that the negative effects of competition are widespread and damaging and that the members of the helping professions have a responsibility to create and protect cooperative environments. (LLL)

Describes the therapist as an active participant in the construction of the therapeutic system, explaining how the therapist constructs complex relationships within the evolving therapeutic process. Reevaluates the importance of the individual in the family as an agent of change and as a mediator of triangular relational messages. (Author/NB)

Presents issues surrounding the definition, identification, and handling of emotional problems in the work environment. Reviews the history and current scope of employee counseling and the role of the practitioner in industry and provides some strategies for counselors to clarify the roles of all participants. (JAC)

Explores role of school counselor as an influencing factor and potential leader in the movement to enhance the school climate. Lists 10 broad goals of the school counselors' traditional curriculum which recognize the interface between the affective and cognitive dimensions of student learning. Suggests eight roles that counselors can focus on to…

Lewin's concept of a life-space diagram provides a model for understanding the key elements in the environment of psychologists functioning in correctional institutions. (Author)

Uses a case study to frame a response and define the school counselor's advocacy role by examining: legislation regarding student-on-student sexual harassment; the prevalence of sexual harassment in schools and the emotional costs; and the counselor's legal and ethical obligations. Asserts that school counselors can empower students with the…

Counseling has traditionally taken individuals and small groups as clients, a practice that applied to college counseling as well. Presents an expanded perspective for college counselors to consider by outlining a philosophical rationale, role, training, and an ethical position that supports taking the campus environment as client. (Author)

Notes that the role of counselors in rural schools, particularly small rural schools, is extremely different from that of guidance counselors in larger urban and suburban schools. Discusses differences as reflections of economic, social, and political realities that influence families, communities, and schools of rural America. (NB)

Examines the experiences of Canadian immigrant women as they move from one culture to another. Explores the barriers they encounter adapting to their new homeland and the coping strategies they use to deal with these barriers. Also examines the usefulness of different forms of support systems and the role of the counselor as part of the adaptation…

A typology of adaptations to unemployment was constructed using data from a 15-week longitudinal investigation of the experiences of 153 unemployed people. The typology was split between low-stress and high-stress adaptation. Counseling implications are discussed for those in the high-stress adaptation groups. (Author/TE)

If used wisely, counselor disclosure can be both therapeutic and facilitative for the client. Counselor disclosure may enhance the communication process and may even aid in discussing and solving problems. The positive effect of counselor disclosure seems to be its reciprocal effects on the client. (PAS)

Surrogate motherhood is a path to parenthood filled with legal "potholes" and psychological "rocks." Mental health specialists, especially marital and family therapists, may well be called upon to provide their professional services to people attempting to negotiate it. Introduces a number of potential hazards, presenting the…

Discusses counseling needs of siblings of handicapped children. Cites four areas predictive of adjustment of siblings: parental attitude toward handicapped child, gender and birth order of nonhandicapped sibling, problems experienced by handicapped sibling, and child-rearing practices of parents. Needs of nonhandicapped siblings are identified and…

Contends that understanding the concept of protection as motivation for behavior can be gained by considering child's and family's social situation. Presents eight social situations that may influence child's behavior. Problem-solving strategies, in form of directives, are presented for problems associated with each situation. Explains how school…

Provides brief overview of models of ethics training and addresses specific strategies for preventing counselor-client sexual contact (knowledge, activities promoting self-awareness, provision of climate that enhances moral development). Discusses responsibilities of training programs, including provision of clear statements of rights and…