This conceptual article synthesizes the empirical research on punitive environmental norms of schools and the disproportionate effects on certain child and adolescent groups, particularly within urban schools. This involvement has come to be known as the school-to-prison pipeline. The young people affected by harsh school discipline protocols and…

This book examines the differences between blacks and whites in their early childbearing patterns. In particular it examines the causes of teenage pregnancy and parenting in blacks and its negative effects on parents and children. Fertility data, available information and attitudes about contraception and abortion, education, employment goals, and…

Presents comprehensive life-planning counseling model for assisting Black adolescents in setting career, educational, and marriage and family goals. Included are discussions of the background of the model; classroom-guidance, counseling, consultation, and coordination modules of the model; and evaluation of the model's effectiveness. (NB)