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Cliff, Norman – Psychometrika, 1979
This paper traces the course of the consequences of viewing test responses as simply providing dichotomous data concerning ordinal relations. It begins by proposing that the score matrix is best considered to be items-plus-persons by items-plus-persons, and recording the wrongs as well as the rights. (Author/CTM)
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Mathematical Models, Matrices, Measurement