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Gardner, Howard – Journal of Communication, 1979
Examines the similarities and differences between the artistry of children and adult masters. Suggests that while artists have more highly developed skills, far more control of their gifts, and superior ability to experiment systematically and to choose among alternatives, much in their processes of creation is reminiscent of children. (JMF)
Descriptors: Art, Art Activities, Art Expression, Artists

Smith, Peter – Art Education, 1991
Reviews Natalie Robinson Cole's contribution to the field of art education by contrasting her philosophies with those of other art educators. Compares her teaching style with Viennese art educator, Franz Cizek. Concludes that Cole's life and work can be examined within as many frames for understanding as can be devised. (KM)
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Education, Art History, Art Teachers

Atkinson, Dennis – Journal of Art and Design Education, 1991
Aims to show that children have a "functional use of drawing" which contrasts with the mechanistic stages model of drawing development. Observes that young children's images often show extended time sequences. Argues that, when considered from this viewpoint, children's drawing abilities develop gradually from a high to a low variety of…
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Education, Art Expression, Childrens Art

Michael, John A. – Art Education, 1991
Shows how two approaches, nurture (subject-matter centered) and nature (child-centered), have affected education and art education over the years. Concludes that whichever approach is fashionable, art education must be relevant to students' lives and they should be able to talk intelligently about art. (KM)
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Appreciation, Art Education, Art History