Studies conducted in the University of California system and at the University of Virginia reveal that they have yet to take the necessary steps to diversify their faculties. Financial incentives were recommended to encourage departments to meet hiring goals. (MLW)

Fewer women are choosing science and engineering careers at the same time that the college-age population is shrinking, threatening a dire shortage of scientists in academe and the general labor force. Affirmative action is seen no longer as only a moral responsibility, but also as a matter of national survival. (MSE)